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-THE- 



One Hundred md Ninety-eighth 

REGIMENT, 

Pennsylyrnir Yolunteers, 

SIXTH UNION LEfiGUE OF PHILBDELPHIR. 




-^''byAHHUchU 



^>0^lyU^cJ~ir~^^y 



HISTORY 



One Hundred and Ninety-eighth 



PENNSYLVSNIfl VOLUNTEERS, 



A COMPLETE RECORD OF THE REGIMENT, WITH ITS CA^H^S, 
MARCHES AND BATTLES; TOGETHER WITH THE PER- 
SONAL RECORD OF EVERY OFFICER AND MAN 
DURING HIS TERM OF SERVICE. 



MAJOR E. M.%00DW1RD, 



mo{ 



^ 



AUTHOR OF 



T/tf Citizen Soldiery ; Our Campaigns ; History of Third Kcse)~iw 

Bonaparte'' s Park and the Murats ; History of Burlington 

County, N. J. ; Old Families of Burlington 

County, jV. J., etc., etc., etc. 




EMBELLISHED WITH FOUR STEEL-PLflTE PORTRHITS. 



TRENTON, N. J. : 

MACCrEI.LISH & OUIGLEY, BoOK AND JOB PRINTERS, l6 E. STATE St. 



V^ , 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by 

E. M. WOODWARD, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 






TO 

MAJOR-GENERAL HORATIO GATES SICKEI>, 

A SOLDIER OF THE ARMY OF THE I'OTOMAC 
WHO SERVED THROUGHOUT THE WAR; 

THE FATHER 

OF THE REGIMENT, WHO LED IT TO THE FIELD; 
THE FAITHFUL AND STEADFAST 

PATRIOT, 

THIS RECORD OF GLORIOUS DEEDS 

IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY 

THE AUTHOR. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

Action of the Union League — Determination to Raise a Sixth 
Regiment — The Regiment Organized — Presentation of Colors 
— Departure for the Front — Embark at Washington — Down 
the Potomac — Up the James — City Point — Scene at the Base 
of the Army — Telegraph to General Meade — Ordered to 
Report to the Army of the James — Disembark at Bermuda 
Hundred — Ordered to Join the Army of the Potomac — Return 
TO City Point. 

CHAPTER II. 

Brief Review of the Operations Under General Grant — Many 
Sanguinary Battles — The Necessity of the Line of March — 
The Army of the James — General Butler Bottled Up — In 
Front of Petersburg — A Xight Combat — The Sieoe — Move- 
ments to the Left — Burnside's Mine — Description of it — Want 
of Gallantry in the Officers — Miserable Failure — Hancock 
Crosses the James — Warren Pushes to the Left — Battles — 
Hancock to the Left — Description of our Entrenchments in 
Front of Petersburg — Of the Lines of the Army of the James. 



CHAPTER III. 

The One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth to the Left — The Yellow 
Tavern — Assigned to the First Brigade — First Division — Fifth 
Army Corps — Colonel Sickel Placed in Command of the Brig- 
ade — Composition of the Division — Of the Corps — Lieutenant- 
Colonel Murray Commands the One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth 
— Camp Sickel — Battle of Peeble's Farm. — Poplar Spring Church 
— Breastworks and Skirmishing — Talmadge's Farm — Result of 
Warren's Movement — Butler to thk Right — Carries Fort Har- 
rison — Kautz Surprised. 



viii CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER IV. 

(\\MP Urjistox — State Election — Execi'tion of a Deserter — Inspec- 
tion — Move Camp — Battle of Boydton Plank-Road — General 
Advance of the Whole Line — Parke's Assault — Hancoik Moves 

— Crawford, Mott, Eagen and Greog Fight — Squirrel Level — 
The Chapel — Presidential Election — Thanksgiving Day — Con- 
tinually UNDEit Fire. 

CHAPTER V. 

Raid on the Weldon Railroad — The March — Jerusalem Plank-road 

— Sussex Court House — Tearing up the Road — Animated Scene — 
Bellfield — Hicksford — Return — AVinter (Quarters — Lieutenant- 
Colonel Murray — Sherman's March — Enlistment of Slavi-s. 

CHAPTER VI. 

Battle of Hatcher's Run — The Fifth Carry the Breastworks — 
Bivouac — Silent March — Successful Feint — Crawford Drives 
Pegram — Grec;g and Ayres Rolled Up — Mahone — Humphrey 
Fights — Night Assault — The Enemy Repulsed — Burying the 
Dead — Building Breastworks — Winter (Quarters. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Sheridan and Sherman — Surprise of Fort Steadman — Three Thous- 
and Prisoners Taken — Supports the Ninth, Sixth and Second 
Corps — Grant's Grand Movement — Battle of Lewis' Farm, or 
Quaker Road — Chamberlain and Sickel Rally' the Lines — 
Death of Ma.ior Maceuen and Captain Mulfrey — Sickel, Spack- 
MAN, Gardner, Wrigley, Keller, Miller and Mitchell Wounded 
— Chai'lain Pomeroy — Battle of White Oak Ridge — Ma.jor Glenn 
Assumes Command of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth — Cham- 
berlain's Plan of Battle and Victory — Capture of a Rebel Flag 

— Death of Shikeder and Pomeroy — Sheridan at Five Forks and 
Dinwiddie Court House — Ay-res to his Relief. 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Battle of Five Forks — Gallant Charge of Ma.ior Glenn — Fall of 
Glenn — Warren Relieved — Captain Stanton Assumes Command 
of the One Hundred and Ninety-P^ighth — General Assault — 
Claiborne's Road — Tiresome March — Davis Evacuates Rich- 
mond — Rkioictng in Our Lines — AVkitzel Enters the Capital — 
Aim of Lee to Unite with Johnson — His Retreat — Relentless 
Sheridan — Infantry Following — Sailor's Creek. 



CONTENTS. ix 

CHAPTER IX. 

Lee's Hopeless Retreat — Exciting Pursuit — Citizens Terror Stricken 

— Lee's Officers — Grant Asks a Surrender — Grant's and Lee's 
Letters — Capture op Supplies — Lee's Delusive Hope — Further 
Correspondence — Surprise and Despair of the Enemy — The Last 

STRU(iGLE — FlAC OF TrUCE MEETING OF GrANT AND LeE — ThE OnE 

Hundred and Ninety-Eiohth Loses the Last Man in the War — 
Terms of Surrender — Wild Rejoicing — The Armies Fraternize — 
They Sleep Together in the Same Valley — A Day op Friendly" 
Visits — Impressive Scene of Surrender — The Parting of Lee and 
His Men — The One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Face Homeward 

— Lincoln the Last Sacrifice of the Nation — Solemn Service in 
Camp — Passing Through Petersburg and Richmond — Reviewed by 
Grant and Meade — To Fredericksburg — To Arlington — Mustered 
Out — Arrival at Home — Their Reception — Paid Off. 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



The Author, - - - Frontispiece. 

Major-General Sickel, -------- Page 1 

Major Charles Izard Maceuen, ------ Page 44 

" Tom," - - - - - Page M 



PREPUCE. 



'yHE THIRD YEAR of the war found the loyal North 
■^ unalterably deternained to conquer or perish in the great 
struggle for National existence. The blood poured out upon 
the altar of our country, the treasures sacrificed in the field, 
had cemented the great heart of the Nation, and the people 
had risen to that elevation of patriotism that their only hope 
and wish seemed concentrated upon the one inspiring thought. 
The cause was not alone for our country, or for our genera- 
tion, but for all lands and for all times. It was not simply 
to determine the existence of our " Nation conceived in liberty 
and dedicated to the proposition that all men were created 
equal," but whether "any Nation so conceived and dedicated" 
could "long endure." If we failed, "government by the 
people" would perish from the earth. 

The journal of General Sickel, the regimental books, the 
oflBcial reports of generals, war books, letters from ofiicers and 
men, and the maps of the Engineer Bureau, are the sources 
from which information has been drawn. 

The rolls have been so prepared as to show the main items 
uf the record of each individual soldier, and the lists of the 
killed, wounded and missing of each battle, taken from the 
company reports. The MSS. was submitted to the inspection 
of a number of officers and men of the regiment, no state- 
ment has been made that did not seem to rest upon authentic 
information, and the end and aim has been to give a clear 



xiv PREFACE. 

and truthful history of the regiment and the scenes it partici- 
pated in. Minor omissions, doubtlessly, have been made, and 
errors have crept in — perfection is not claimed. 

E. M. W. 

Ellisdale, Monmouth county, New Jersey. 





ji^ifeJLit 



THE 



19811 PENNSYLYflNm YOLUNTEERS 



(SIXTH UNION LEAGUE). 



CHAPTER I. 

Action of the Union League — Determination to Raise a Sixth 
Regiment — The Regiment Organized — Presentation of Colors 
— Departure for the Front — Embark at Washington — Down 
THE Potomac — Up the J^mes — City Point — Scene at the Base 
OF THE Army — Telegraph to General Meade — Ordered to Re- 
port to the Army op the James — Disembark at Bermuda Hun- 
dred — Ordered to Join the Army of the Potomac — Return to 
City Point. 

AMONG the numerous organizations formed to uphold 
the government and to assist it in the suppression of 
the rebellion, the Union League probably rendered the 
most efficient aid. That of Philadelphia had already sent 
five regiments to the field, and upon learning it was the 
desire of Colonel Sickel to again enter the service, it 
resolved to raise a sixth regiment of infantry of fourteen 
hundred men, and place under his command. Sickel im- 
mediately proceeded to Harrisburg and obtained the sanc- 
tion of Andrew G. Curtin, the " War Governor of Pennsyl- 
vania." The use of the National Guards Hall, on Kace 
street, below Sixth, was obtained, and recruiting com- 
menced on the 26th of July, 1864, A large number of the 

9 



2 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

officers and men of the late Third Reserve joined the new 
organization, and Sickel's reputation as an officer, aided by 
the energy of John II. Orne, Esq., chairman of the Execu- 
tive Committee of the Union League, and their generous 
liberality, in the short space of five weeks filled the ranks 
of the regiment, which was thoroughly organized, armed 
and equipped at Camp Cadwallader, in the northwestern 
section of the city, and on the 15tli of September, 1864, it 
was mustered into the United States service. 

Early on Sunday morning, the 19th, ttie regiment bid 
farewell to Camp Cadwallader, and, marching down Ridge 
Avenue to Twelfth street, and thence to Chestnut, halted 
in front of the Union League. House, where a beautiful 
suit of colors were presented to them, Daniel Dougherty, 
Esq., " the silver tongued orator," making the presentation 
speech in behalf of the League. Colonel Sickel responded 
in a few earnest words, and when the guard received the 
colors, the regiment presented arms, and the vast multitude 
of citizens cheered for the Union and the regiment. They 
then moved up Chestnut street to Broad, and thence down 
to the Baltimore depot. Here Colonel Sickel was intro- 
duced to General Grant, who had just arrived from Burling- 
ton, New Jersey, where his family was on a visit. The 
Colonel expressed a desire to be assigned to the Army of 
the Potomac, to which the General replied that all new 
troops were ordered to the Army of the James, but, as he 
was one of General Meade's old colonels, and, as the General 
had expressed a desire for his assignment, he would issue 
the necessary order upon reaching City Point. The regi- 
ment then embarked aboard the cars, whence they proceeded 
through Wilmington and over the Susquehannah to Balti- 
more, where they arrived about three o'clock the next 
morning. Bivouacing in the yard of the depot at nine that 
day, they took cars for Washington, which city they reached 
about noon. The bridges on the entire route were guarded, 
and between Baltimore and the Capital the soldiers were 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 3 

stationed at short intervals. Moving into the government 
barracks, they remained there until the 2l8t, when they 
marched to Seventh street wharf, and Companies A, F, D, I, 
H and C, under Major Glenn, and E, K, G and B, under the 
Colonel, embarked aboard the steamers Weems and Thames. 
Casting loose from the wharf and moving out, they steamed 
down the broad and beautiful Potomac, the drums ruffling 
and the men uncovering as they passed Mount Yernon. 
Points of deep interest to some, and familiarity to others, 
were passed. When entering the Chesapeake, they moved 
southward, and, rounding Fortress Monroe, entered the 
James river. Passing the site of Jamestown, where, nearly 
two centuries and a half ago,^ the great curse of our country 
was first introduced, and the seed sown that ultimately ger- 
minated in our gigantic war, they anchored ofi' City Point 
on the evening of the next day. 

There was presented a most animated scene. Innumer- 
able ships, barks, brigs, schooners, etc., were at anchor in 
the river, through which steamers of all sizes and descrip- 
tions were continually winding their way. For half a mile 
the shore was covered with commissary stores and ammuni- 
tion. There were thousands of tons on the wharf boats 
and thousands more awaiting to be landed. Numerous 
commissary, sutler, guard and other tents were there. Many 
sutlers, soldiers, government employes and contrabands 
were loitering about or busy at work. Innumerable wagons, 
ambulances, oflicers and orderlies were continually moving 
to and fro; and with the arrival and departure of trains, 
the scene was one of life and activity, only witnessed at the 
base of great armies. 

Immediately upon arrival the Colonel telegraphed to 
General Meade, requesting to be assigned to his army, and 
received a reply from Adjutant-General Seth Williams, 
stating the General was out on the works; and as all new 



'■■■ The first slaves bi-o\ight to Virginia were sold from a Dutch vessel, which landed twenty 
at Jamestown, December 2:id, liiiiO. i 



4 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

troops were ordered to report to General Butler, lie had 
better land at Bermuda Hundred. Accordingly, early the 
next morning they weighed anchor and steamed directly 
north to Bermuda Hundred, two miles distant, where Beau- 
regard "bottled up" Butler in May. Disembarking, the 
regiment was marched some three miles to the southwest, 
and encamped for the night. During the night. General 
Meade's attention having been called to the Colonel's tele- 
gram, he telegraphed to Grant to have the regiment 
assigned to his army, in compliance with which General 
Grant, upon his arrival at City Point the next morning, dis- 
patched an order to Sickel to re-embark his men on any 
transport he could find, and return with them to the Point. 
This order reached the Colonel by one of General Grant's 
orderlies at midnight, during a heavy thunder-storm, and, 
appreciating the compliment that had been paid him, as his 
regiment was the only new one that had been assigned to 
the Army of the Potomac, he beat reveille at three o'clock, 
and had two days' rations issued and cooked and the men 
on the march by daylight. Arriving at Bermuda Hundred, 
the large steamship Columbia was found to be the only 
transport at the landing, and the Quartermaster of the sta- 
tion refused to grant the use of her, but upon being assured 
by the Colonel that he would seize her in the name of Gen- 
eral Grant, he acquiesced. Embarking, they reached City 
Point at eleven o'clock. 



PENNS YL VANIA VOL UNTEERS. 



CHAPTER II. 

Brief Review of the Operations Under General Grant — Many San- 
guinary Battles — The Necessity of the Line of March — The 
Army of the James — General Butler Bottled Up — In Front 
OF Petersburg — A Night Combat — The Siege — Movements to 
the Left — Burnside's Mine — Description of It — Want of Gal- 
lantry' IN the Officers — Miserable Failure — Hancock Crosses 
the James — Warren Pushes to the Left — Battles — Hancock 
to the Left — Description of Our Entrenchments in Front of 
Petersburg — Of the Lines of the Army of the James. 

LET US here brie% review the operations of the army. 
Ulysses S. Grant,* who was appointed Lieutenant-Gen- 
eralf commanding all the armies of the United States, on 
the 4th of May, 1864, at the head of the Army of the Poto- 
mac, then numbering over one hundred thousand men, 
crossed the Rapidan on Lee's right, and pushed straight 
into " The Wilderness." Through this broken table-land, 
seamed with ravines and densely covered with dwarfish 
timber and brush, Grant confidently expected to get, unas- 
sailed; but, being attacked, had no choice left but to fight. 
The two armies, moving on parallel lines in a southeasterly 
direction, after many sanguinary battles, and mutually heavy 
losses, reached the Chickahominy. Grant cutting loose 
from his base on the Rapidan, established it at Fredericks- 
burg, then at Port Royal, and finally at White House ; so he 
was always within a short distance of it to draw his sup- 
plies and send his wounded. 

Grant, baffled in his attempt to force himself between Lee 
and Richmond, determined to cross the James and attack 
Richmond from the south. This, seemingly, uncovered 
Washington, but with the insurgent army hard pressed 
around Richmond by a superior force, and with the country 

* Born April 27th, 1822. 
t March 1st, 1864. 



6 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

northward, from Richmond to the Potomac, utterly exhausted 
and devastated, by the time the insurgent forces could march 
to the Rappahannock, Grant could transport to the Capital the 
bulk of his army. Critics may ask, why it was not better to 
send the army to Petersburg by water at once, and save the 
loss of life incurred by the land route. To have left the 
insurgents on the Rapidan and taken ship for the James 
would have been the certain loss of our Capital or the fatal 
division of our forces. Besides, the losses to the insurgents 
were greater in proportion to their resources than ours. 

General Benjamin F. Butler, commanding at Fortress 
Monroe, having been re-enforced by the Eighteenth Corps, 
Major-General William F. Smith,* and the Tenth (from 
South Carolina), General Quincey A. Gillmore,t raising his 
effective disposable force to some 30,000, by order of Gen- 
eral Grant, on the 4th of May moved up the James and 
seized Bermuda Hundred, a peninsula between the James 
and the Appomattox. General Butler made some demon- 
strations against Petersburg and the railroad leading to 
Richmond, a portion of which he destroyed, but Beauregard| 
being relieved at Charleston by the withdrawal of Gillmore's 
Corps, hastened with his forces to confront him. Before 
dayliglit on the 16th the insurgents attacked our forces, and 
compelled them to fall back, with a loss to each side of 
about 4,000 men. Beauregard then erected a line of earth- 
works across the neck of the peninsula in front of our troops, 
and Butler reported himself " bottled up." Butler had con- 
siderable fighting along his front, but none of a decisive 
nature. He sent General Kautz on a moderately successful 
raid, and detached Smith's corps to re-enforce Grant. On 



*0f Vermont. 

fOf Ohio. Reduced Fort Pulaski, below Savannah, Ga., April Ilth, 1803. Succeeds Gen- 
eral Hunter in command of the Department of the South June 12th, 181)3. Establishes the 
" Swamp Angel " five miles below Charleston. Captures Fort Wagner, South Carolina, Sep- 
tember 7th, 1863. 

JCieneral (1. T. Beauregard, formerly an officer United States Army. Hero of Fort Sum- 
ter, April 14th, 1801. Commanded the rebels at Hull Run. Assigned to the command of Charles- 
ton, S. C. Urged the execution of prisoners and the raising of the Black Flag October, 1802. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 7 

the 8th of June he sent General Gillmore with 3,500 to 
attack Petersburg on the north, and General Kautz with 
1,500 cavalry to attack it on the southwest. Gillmore 
advanced within two miles of the city, driving in the ene- 
my's skirmishers, but, deeming his force too weak, withdrew. 
While the insurgents' attention was concentrated on Gill- 
more, Kautz made his way into the city ; but upon the with- 
drawal of Gillmore, he was speedily driven out. 

The Army of the Potomac struck the James at Wilcox's 
wharf, a few miles below Westover, and, pontoons and ferry- 
boats being at hand, the passage was promptly made on the 
14th and 15th of June. Grant then hurried to the Army 
of the James and ordered Gen. Butler to at once move 
Smith's corps, which had just rejoined him, against Peters- 
burg, A. P. Hill, with the van of Lee's army, having 
already arrived there. Petersburg, on the south bank of 
the Appomattox, twenty-two miles south of Richmond, is 
the focus of all the railroads but the Danville, which con- 
nects the insurgent capitol with the south and southwest. 
If taken and held by our forces, the Confederate government 
and army would be compelled to abandon Richmond. 
Smith attacked, by noon of the 15th, a black brigade, tak- 
ing a line of rifle-pits and two guns. But an unaccountable 
delay ensued, and it was near sundown before he renewed 
the assault, when the rifle-pits in his front, with three hun- 
dred prisoners and sixteen guns, were captured. General 
Hancock* with two divisions, the van of the Army of the 
Potomac, now arrived and waved his seniority; and Smith, 
instead of pressing on witli resoluteness, at this critical 
moment, when moments were so precious, determined to 
wait till morning. When morning came Lee's veterans 
were there, and Petersburg was beyond our grasp. 

The Army of the Potomac and the Army of Virginia 
again stood face to face. At six o'clock in the evening of 

* Major-General Winfield Scott Hancock, Pennsylvania. 



8 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

the next day, Meade gave the orders for a general assault. 
Hancock's, Burnside's* and part of Warren's corps charged, 
in the face of a terrible fire, the enemy's rifle-pits, and a 
night of combat and carnage ensued, resulting in our carry- 
ing some of their works and generally advancing our line, 
though at a heavy cost of life to both parties. Butler, the 
same day, advanced General Terry f against the Richmond 
railroad, but with no marked success, and on the 18th 
another general assault was ordered. The enemy was found 
to have withdrawn to a more symmetrical line nearer Peters- 
burg, and it was three o'clock in the afternoon before the 
assault was commenced. Impetuous and bloody as it was, 
it resulted in no good, except in establishing the fact that 
the city could not be carried by direct assault. 

Grant, therefore, commenced intrenching strongly in its 
front, and the Second and Sixth Corps, Generals Hancock 
and Wright,! were moved to the left, to turn the enemy's 
right and seize the Weldon railroad. A. P. Hill, however, 
had watched this movement, and two heavy engagements 
took place on the 22d and 23d of June, resulting in no 
advantage save a moderate extension of our left towards the 
Weldon railroad. On the same day, the 21st, Generals 
Wilson § and Kautz, with 8,000 cavalry, had been sent still 
further to the left, and succeeded in destroying many miles 
of the Weldon, the Lynchburg, and the Danville railroads, 
but were met by a superior force, and, with the loss of thir- 
teen guns, thirty wagons, and one thousand men, rejoined 
the army. About the same time, our right was extended 
by General Butler throwing a pontoon bridge over the James 
at Deep Bottom, and strongly posting himself there, v/ithin 

*Major-Gcneral Ambrose E. Burnside, a graduate of West Point— Colonel First Rhode 
Island Infantry— Brigadier-General August Gth, 1801— Major-General March 18th, 1862— Captures 
Roanoke Island February 8th — Newbern, March ]4th — Fort IMacon, April 25th 1802 — Com- 
manded the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg — Captures Cumberland Ciap, Tenn., Sep- 
tember 9th, 180:?— After the war, Governor of Rhode Island, and United States Senator. 

t General Alfred H. Terry, Connecticut. 

X Major-General H. G. Wright, Connecticut. 

^General James H. Wilson, Illinois. Detached from the Army of the Potomac and sent 
to General Thomas. Raids through Alabama, and captures Selma and Montgomery. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 9 

ten miles of Richmond. More or less fighting occurred 
along the line, until the 26th of July, when Grant threw 
Hancock, with the Second Corps, across the James, who 
turned the enemy's advance position and drove them behind 
Bailey's creek. This attack drew five of Lee's eight remain- 
ing divisions over the James. 

A mine had been run under an insurgent fort, one hun- 
dred and fifty feet, in front of Burnside's lines.* At sixteen 
minutes of five, on the morning of the 30th, it was sprung, 
blowing the fort into the air, destroying its garrison of three 
hundred men, and leaving a crater two hundred feet long, 
fifty wide, and about twenty-five deep.f Instantly the guns 
along our whole front opened. 

Four hundred yards behind the fort was Cemetery Hill, 
the possession of which would speedily cause the fall of 
Petersburg, and Grant had ordered an assault to immedi- 
ately follow the explosion. Instead of Burnside's division 
commanders vieing with each other for the honor of leading 
the assault, they were allowed to cast lots which should, in 
fact, stay out, and, unfortunately, it fell on General Ledlie| 
to go in. The column, when wanted, was not ready; pre- 
cious moments were lost; but, at last, it moved forward into 
the crater, and there it stayed. § Then parts of Pot- 

* This mine was conceived and executed by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pleasants, of the 
Forty-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, then commanding a brigade in the Ninth Corps. The 
work was done by the men of his regiment, most of whom were coal miners, from Schuylkill 
county. The main gallery was 510.8 feet long. The left lateral gallery was 37 feet, and the 
right lateral gallery was 38 feet long, the entire length being .5S5.8 feet. The amount of earth 
excavated was 18,000 cubic feet, all of which was carried in cracker boxes, slung between poles, 
for lack of wheelbarrows. The timber used to plank it up was mostly obtained by tearing down 
a rebel bridge. The mine was about 25 feet under ground. It had eight magazines, in which 
were placed four tons of powder. Ten feet of the entrance of each of the lateral galleries, and 
thirty-four feet of the main gallery, were tamped. It was commenced on the 25th of June and 
finished on the 23d of July. — Lieutenatit- Colonel Pleasants' Official Report. 

f Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants' report. 

X Brigadier-General James H. Ledlie, of New York. 

\ Lieutenant-Colonel Pleasants, in his official report, says : " I stood on top of our breast- 
works and witnessed the effect of the explosion on the enemy. It so completely paralyzed him 
that the breadth of the breach, instead of being only two hundred feet, was, practically, four or 
five hundred yards. The rebels in the forts, both on the right and left of the explosion, ran 
away, and for over an hour, as well as I could judge, not a shot was fired by their artillery. 
There was no fire from infantry from the front for at least half an hour ; none from the left for 
twenty minutes, and but few shots from the right." 



10 OXE HUNDRED AXD XIXETY-EIGHTH 

ter's* and Wilcox'sf divisions followed, but Ledlie's men 
blocked the way, and, all mixed up together, remained in the 
crater. General Potter finally rallied some men and charged 
towards Cemetery Hill, but was soon obliged to fall back. 
Two hours were thus shamefully wasted, while the insur- 
gents, recovering their self-possession, were planting batteries 
on either side, and concentrating their infantry. Burn- 
side now ordered his black division to charge. They passed 
to the right of the crater, and up almost to the crest of the 
hill, but were met by so heavy a fire of artillery and mus- 
ketry that they were hurled back, many of them entering 
the crater. The enemy now poured into this slaughter-hole 
a hail of shells and balls. Their first assault upon it was 
repulsed, and many of our unfortunates escaped to our lines, 
but our loss was 4,400, while that of the enemy was hardly 
one-fourth. Thus ended this miserable afiair, with a posi- 
tive advantage to the enemy, that promised so much good 
results to us.| 

On the 12th of August, Hancock was again sent over the 
James, being strengthened by the Tenth Corps, General 
Birney, and Gregg's cavalry. Considerable fighting ensued, 
including the repulse of an insurgent night attack on the 
18th, involving in the whole movement a loss of about 5,000 
men on either side, without any decided success on our part. 
At the same time, Warren, with the Fifth Corps, was 
pushed out on our left, and seized and fortified the long- 
coveted Weldon railroad, at a loss of 1,000 men. The next 
day, the 19th, Crawford's Division was struck by Hill, and 
rolled up with the loss of 2,500 prisoners. On the 2l8t, 

* Brigadier-General Robert V>. Potter, of New York. 

t Brigadier-General O. B. Wilcox, of Michigan. 

:tThc author believes that all the regiments in the service, when mustered in, were very 
nearly equal in valor and bravery, and that their subsequent inequality in efficiency was entirely 
owing to their officers. When a separate command, be it regiment, brigade or division, shows a 
decided lack of courage or spirit in an undertaking, it may almost invariably be attributed to 
the want of those qualities in the prominent officer or officers, or in a neglect of discipline, or 
the absence of the proper esprit de corps, for which the officers alone are accountable. Regi- 
mental pride is one of the greatest virtues a soldier can possess, and its absence in a regiment 
renders the regiment a body without a spirit. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 11 

Warren was assaulted by thirty insurgent guns and several 
heavy columns, but he out-flanked their flanking column, 
inflicting heavy loss upon them, Warren's loss in the whole 
movement was 4,455 men, but, alas! most of these were 
prisoners. The enemy's loss was about half the number, 
and the Weldon road. 

On the same day, Hancock arrived from the extreme right 
and struck the road four miles in rear of Warren, at Heam's 
Station, where, after tearing up the road for three days, he 
was assaulted and forced to retreat after a total loss of 2,400 
men and five guns. But Warren's hold was too strong to 
be shaken. Except the usual sharp-shooting along the line, 
nothing more of moment occurred until late in September, 
except a smart insurgent raid on our cattle-yard at Coggin's 
Point, on the James, opposite Harrison's Landing, in which 
they run ofi" 2,500 beeves with no loss. 

Our line of strong intrenchments, with heavy forts at 
short intervals, commenced on the Appomattox, less than 
two miles below Petersburg, and extended nearly south for 
about five miles and a half, three miles of which was close 
to the insurgent works, at one point approaching within one 
hundred and thirty-three yards of them. The liae then 
bent to the west, terminating, at this time, at Fort Wads- 
worth,* on the Weldon railroad, a distance of about three 
miles ; thence it extended southward to the west and along 
the railroad one mile to Fort Dushane; thence it returned 
again nearly parallel to our front line of works, inclosing 
and securing our rear. Two connecting lines of works 
crossed the space between. Between these lines was the 
United States military road, extending from City Point to 
the Weldon railroad, a distance of about seventeen miles, 
the rails to construct which Grant took up from the York 
river and Richmond road and shipped around to City Point. 

The left of the line of the Army of the James rested on 



* Named after General James S. Wadsworth, of New York, Military Governor of Washing- 
ton in 1862. Killed at Wilderness May 6th, 186i. 



12 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

the Appomattox, about ten miles below the right of the 
Army of the Potomac, the intervening space being protected 
by the river, rifle-pits and detached forts. Thence the lines 
extended northward about three and a half miles across the 
neck of the peninsula, the right resting on the James. A 
lodgment had been secured at Deep Bottom, on the opposite 
bank of the river, and works a mile and a half long thrown 
up. Our lines subsequently were extended many miles on 
both flanks. 



PENXSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 13 



CHAPTER III. 

The One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth to the Left — The Yellow 
Tavern — Assigned to the First Brigade — First Division — Fifth 
Army Corps — Colonel Sickel Placed in Command of the Brig- 
ade — Composition of the Division — Of the Corps — Lieutenant- 
Colonel Murray Commands the One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth 

— Camp Sickel — Battle of Pebble's Farm — Poplar Spring Church 

— Breastworks and Skirmishing — Talmadge's Farm — Eesult op 
Warren's Movement — Butler to the RiCtHt — Carries Fort Har- 
rison — Kautz Surprised. 

WE LEFT the regiment at City Point. About noon that 
day, September the 24th, they embarked upon the cars 
of the Military road, and passed along the rear of our line 
of earth-works to the Yellow Tavern, near the extreme left, 
and near a point on the Weldon railroad, seized and forti- 
fied by Warren in August. At Warren's headquarters they 
were received by the General and other distinguished officers, 
and were accompanied by General Grifiin* and staff" to the 
headquarters of the First Brigade, to which the regiment 
was assigned, and the command of the brigade turned over 
to Colonel Sickel, General Chamberlain being absent, 
wounded. The Second Brigade was commanded by Gen- 
eral Gregory ,t and the Third by General Bartlett.| These 
brigades composed the First Division, General Griffin. The 
Second Division was commanded by General Ayres,|| and 
the Third by General Samuel W. Crawford.§ The Fifth 
Corps was under Ge^neral Warreii.T[ 

* Brevet Major-General Charles Griffin, of Oliio. 

t Brevet Brigadier-General Edgar M. Gregory, of Philadelphia. Colonel Ninetj'-First Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. 

t Brigadier-General J. J. Bartlett, of New York. 

II Brevet Major-General Romeyn B. Ayres, of New York. 

§ Brevet Major-General Samuel W. Crawford, of Pennsylvania. Wounded at Antietam 
Commanded the Pennsylvania Reserves in 1863-4. 

*" !\Iajor-General Governeur K. Warren, of New York. 



14 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

Colonel Sickel having been assigned to the command of 
the brigade, the command of the One Hundred and Ninety- 
eighth devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Murray. " Camp 
Sickel " was established, abundant rations issued to the 
men, drilling and guard duty at once commenced, and soon 
the green ones were initiated into the ways and mysteries of 
camp life. To the many who had served in the Reserves 
and other organizations, the scenes around them were not 
new, but to those who had come out for the first time, all 
was novelty and excitement. The picket, the alarms, the 
booming of distant guns, produced varied impressions upon 
the different individuals, but all tended to prepare them for 
the earnest work so close at hand. 

The Battle of Peeble's Farm, September 30th and Octo- 
ber 1st and 2d, 1864. 

On the 30th of September, eleven days after the regi- 
ment left Philadelphia, it was ordered under arms, and, 
moving off to the westward, incessant volleys of musketry 
and artillery were soon heard rolling out of the woods in 
front. Advancing steadily, they were laid down in a woods 
in front of the enemy's line of works, near Poplar Spring 
Church, where they remained for nearly two hours, subject 
to a severe cannonading. Their position was the most try- 
ing new troops could be placed in, for while the shells, as a 
general thing, inflict but little loss, their screeching and 
bursting are annoying to unaccustomed ears. Having 
driven the enemy's batteries from their position, the line 
advanced, pushing the infantry before them, through the 
woods, across Squirrel Level road to Peeble's farm, where 
they made a desperate stand, but, by hard fighting, they 
were driven from their works with considerable loss, two 
Majors being among the prisoners.* During the night it 

* In reference to this action General Sickel says in his official report: "While our brigade 
was forming for the charge, the regimental commander misunderstood the order, and filed his 
regiment into a piece of woods in the rear, leaving our left exposed. When the right of the line 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 15 

commenced raining, and continued through the next day, 
the men being engaged in throwing up breastworks and 
skirmishing most of the time. Early the next morning, 
Sunday, the 2d, they fell in and moved forward some dis- 
tance and lay down near the enemy's works, where they 
remained under fire five hours, when they were moved to 
the rear a short distance, and again commenced throwing 
up breastworks. The next day was passed in perfect quiet- 
ness, with a lively picket firing through the night, and on 
the afternoon of the 4th, the brigade was relieved by the 
Second, Colonel Gregory, when they moved about a half 
mile to the rear and went into camp on Talmadge's farm, 
near Fort Urmston. 

In this movement Warren advanced with two divisions of 
his own corps, and two of the Ninth, under General Parke,* 
with Gregg'sf cavalry. He carried three small works and 
advanced our lines nearly two miles to the westward, 
strongly fortifying them and joining them to his former 
position across the railroad. Our loss in killed, wounded 
and missing was 118 officers and 2,567 men ; 1,756 of which 
were prisoners. | That of the enemy, probably, was not quite 
so heavy, but included General Donnovan. Grant ordered 
this movement, to cover up a more determined one by 
Butler on our right. 

General Butler crossed the James on the 29th, and ad- 
vancing with the Tenth Corps, under General Birney,§ and 
the Eighteenth, General Ord, assaulted and carried Fort 
Harrison, taking fifteen guns and a considerable portion of 
the enemy's intrenchments. He next assaulted Fort Gil- 
reached the enemy's works, I found our flanks exposed and threatened, and a disaster might 
have been the result but for the discerning sagacity of Captain John E. Parsons, Adjutant-Gen- 
eral of the brigade, who galloped through a storm of bullets, re-formed the regiment, and, direct- 
ing the charge in person, routed the enemy, and the result was a complete victory. 

* Major-General John G. Parke, Pennsylvania. 

t Brigadier-General David M'M. Gregg, Colonel Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry. 

I For loss in One Hundred and Ninety-Eighth, see Appendi.\ A. 

§ Major-General David B. Birney, of Philadelphia, was born in Alabama. Colonel Twenty- 
third Pennsylvania Volunteers. Died in Philadelphia, October 18th, 180-1. 



16 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EKillTII 

mer, but was repulsed by Major-General Field, with a loss 
of three hundred men ; General Ord* being wounded and 
Brigadier-General Burham killed. The insurgent General 
Fields, the next day, attempted the recapture of Fort Har- 
rison, assaulting it with four brigades on opposite sides, but 
was repulsed with heavy slaughter. Kautz's cavalry, that 
held our extreme right, on the Charles City road, was sur- 
prised a few days afterwards within four miles of Richmond. 
Desperate fighting ensued, we losing nine guns and nearly 
five hundred men, mostly prisoners. Both parties claimed 
the advantage. The insurgent Brigadier-General Gregg, of 
Texas, was killed. 



* Major-General Edward (). C. Ord, a native of Cumberland, Md., was born 1S18, and grad- 
uated at West Point, 18.ii). He was a soldier of the Seminole and Mexican wars. Appointed 
Brigadier-General, United States Volunteers, he served under General M'Call, in the Pennsyl- 
vania Reserves, and, with his brigade, fought the battle of Drainesville, the first victory of the 
Army of the Potomac. Promoted Major-General in May, 18d2, he was assigned to an import- 
ant command in Tennessee .^t the siege of Vicksburg he commanded the Thirteenth Corps ; 
and, under Grant, before Richmond, the Eighteenth Corps. He participated in the siege of 
Petersburg and capture of Lee. He was wounded three times. In 1881 he was placed on the 
retired list. His daughter, now deceased, married General Trevino, ex-Mexican Minister of 
War. While on his way home from Vera Cruz, he was taken with yellow fever, and, upon 
arriving at Havana, was removed to shore, where he died, July 22d, 1^83. His remains were 
brought home. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 17 



CHAPTER IV. 

Camp Urmston — State P]lection — Execution of a Deserter — Inspec- 
tion — Move Camp — Battle op Boydton Plank-road — General 
Advance of the Whole Line — Parke's Assault — Hancock Moves 
— Crawford, Mott, Eagan and Gregg Fight — Squirrel Level — 
The Chapel — Presidential Election — Thanksgiving Day — Con- 
tinually Under Fire. 

CAMP URMSTON, of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, 
was arranged with great regularity and neatness, the 
stumps and underbrush being cleared away and the ground 
thoroughly policed. Company and battalion drills were held 
daily, and that strict discipline established so necessary for 
the efficiency of soldiers. While here, the Twenty-first 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, (the One Hundred and Eighty-second 
of the Line,) Major Knowles, that had been serving as 
infantry in the brigade, was detached and sent to City Point, 
where it was equipped and mounted. About the same time 
the One Hundred and Eighty-fifth New York Volunteers 
arrived, and were attached to the brigade. They were a 
splendid set of men and well drilled. The 8th of October 
being election day in the State, the men exercised their 
right of casting their vote. 

A private of the Second Maryland, named Charles Miller, 
having deserted to the enemy, and being subsequently cap- 
tured by our pickets, was shot on the morning of the 14th, 
at half past nine o'clock. The division to which he belonged 
was drawn up to witness the execution. A death procession, 
composed of soldiers bearing the coffin, the condemned, a 
priest, the guard, the firing party and the band, to a most 
beautiful and solemn dirge, passed down the line and halted 
in front of the grave. The prisoner, whose arms were pin- 
ioned, walked with a firm step. His face was deadly pale, 
but he showed no signs of fear. He could not look at his 
3 



18 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

late comrades, nor at the flag he had fought for and against. 
For a moment he turned his eyes towards the blue heavens 
above him, then closing them, seated himself upon his 
coffin, and was blindfolded. A few words were whispered 
to him by the priest, and the order, " Ready " — " Aim " — 
" Fire ! " given, and the deserter fell back dead. His grave 
was filled, the band struck up a lively tune and the troops 
marched back to their camps. A military execution is the 
most solemn and impressive sight one can witness, and, 
although every heart must teel sad for the fate of the poor 
condemned, they all recognize the justness of the sentence, 
and no one with a properly organized mind could wish liim 
pardoned. Strange as it may appear, that very night a man 
who had witnessed the execution was shot and captured 
by our pickets while attempting to desert to the enemy. 
Desertion was an unhealthy business. 

While here the regiment was under arms a number of 
times, occasioned by skirmishes on the picket line, but in 
no instance were they moved from camp. On the 15th 
Captain Francis B. Jones, the Brigade Inspector, inspected 
the regiment. The day was unusually pleasant, and every 
man was present or accounted for. The true test of a sol- 
dier's pride is found in the care of his arms, and it was with 
satisfaction the officers heard the inspector pronounce them 
in perfect condition. About noon the next day, the regi- 
ment moved about a half-mile to the south, and encamped 
to the right of the Barlett's Third Brigade, in rear of Fort 
Cummings, near the Squirrel Level road, where they 
remained, performing the usual picket duty, and getting 
under arms during alarms, until the 27th. 

Battle of Boydton Plank-road,* October 27th and 
28th, 1864. 

Grant having sounded a general advance. General Butler, 
by order, made a demonstration in force on our extreme 

* Sometimes called Hatcher's Run. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 19 

right, moving on to the defences of Richmond, by the 
Charles City and Williamsport road. Meade, stripping the 
works before Petersburg of all but the men necessary to 
hold them, with three days' rations and sixt}^ rounds of cart- 
ridges, moved suddenly by the left to turn the right flank of 
the enemy. Long before dawn on the 27th of October, the 
boys were busy preparing their coffee, and, having finished 
their frugal breakfast, were in line awaiting orders. Soon 
they took up their march, and, moving in a zig-zag direction 
to the southwest for five hours, toiled through dense timber, 
when they arrived in front of the enemy's formidable works 
on the north bank of Hatcher's run. Moving up a slight 
eminence covered with heavy timber, the Fifth Corps being 
mostly held in reserve, they laid down with a storm of shell 
screeching and bursting over them. 

The Ninth Corps, under General Parke, which held the 
right, struck the right of the insurgent intrenchments, which 
rested on the north or east bank of Hatcher's run. These 
they assaulted with great determination, but failed to carry, 
for the simple reason that it is almost impossible to drive 
veteran soldiers out of intrenchments without they are 
flanked. The Second Corps, General Hancock, had advanced 
simultaneous to the left, and encountered a small force, to 
dispute its passage of the run, where it struck it. Moving 
northwestward by Dabney's Mill to the Boydton plank-road, 
and pushing along it to the north towards the toll-gate, 
meeting with little opposition, at one o'clock in the after- 
noon it was halted by order of General Meade. 

Warren, upon the failure of Parke* to carry the insurg- 
ent intrenchments, sent General Crawford's division, backed 
by Ayres' brigade, across Hatcher's run, to turn the enemy's 
works on the south or west bank of that stream, and to con- 
nect with Hancock, then some two miles distant. Crawford 
met with great difficulty, advancing through woods and 
swamps all but impassable, many of his men losing their 

* Major-General John G. Parke, Pennsylvania. 



20 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

regiments, and the regiments becoming detaciied from the 
division. In this scattered state he arrived directly on the 
flank of the enemy's intrenchments, when he received orders 
from General Warren to halt. The country proving entirely 
difterent from what was expected, a consultation with Gen- 
eral Meade was desired. Hancock, who was now separated 
from Crawford by a mile of dense woods and swamps, 
extended his right, under General Eagan, to connect. 
Through the mistake of a subordinate, he supposed the 
connection had been made, but there was a space of twelve 
hundred yards intervening. Lee seized this opportunity to 
push forward Hill, strike Hancock's right, and roll it up. 
Heath's* division leading, moved along a cart-road through 
the woods, passed Crawford's front, and across the interval 
between Crawford and Hancock. Arriving unseen opposite 
Hancock's right at four P.M., he deployed his lines, and 
charging, poured into Mott'sf division a volley of musketry, 
that gave the first intimation of the proximity of the enemy. 
Pierce's brigade instantly gave way, and a battery was lost. 
Eagan| instantly changed front and hurried to the rescue, 
striking the rebels in flank with two brigades, one of which 
was of Mott's, under McAllister, as they rushed across 
the cleared space along the Boydton road in pursuit of the 
fugitives, killing many, capturing a thousand prisoners and 
re- taking the lost guns. The enemy, completely routed, fled 
in confusion, over two hundred of them falling into Craw- 
ford's lines. 

At the same time this attack was made on Hancock's right. 
General Wade Hampton, || with five brigades of cavalry, 

* Wounded at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1803. 

•fMajor-Gener.ll Gershom Mott, of New Jersey. A Lieutenant Tenth U. S. Infantry dur- 
ing the war with Mexico ; Colonel Sixth New Jersey Volunteers ; Brigadier-General September 
7th, 1862; Brevet Major-General August 1st, 18G4; Major-General May 26th, 1865. Wounded 
at Chancellorsville, at Bull Run (2d), at Spottsylvania, and at Amelia Springs. Commander-in- 
Chief National Guards New Jersey. 

I General Thomas W. Eagan. Colonel Fortieth New York Volunteers. Displayed great 
gallantry in a charge at Chantilly, September 13th, 1862. 

II General Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
Subsequently Governor of South Carolina and a United States Senator. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 21 

attacked Gregg's cavalry, covering his left and rear. The 
assault continued until night, when Hampton withdrew dis- 
comfited, he having gained no ground. Meade sent orders 
to Hancock to use his discretion about withdrawing, or hold- 
ing his position and attacking the next morning. Hancock, 
being short of ammunition and uncertain of being re-enforced 
in time, decided to draw off", and, at ten o'clock at night, 
commenced the movement. 

The One Hundred and Ninety-eighth changed positions 
several times during the day, being laid down in support of 
other troops or to threaten the enemy's works. They were 
constantly exposed to a harmless artillery fire until near sun- 
set, when a strong picket line was thrown out, which was 
engaged nearly the entire night. A cold drenching rain fell 
through the night, but it did not interfere with the constant 
exchange of shots The next day was clear but oppressively 
warm. A feeble picket fire was continued through the 
morning. The news of Heath's and Hampton's repulse 
was misunderstood by the men, who, being ignorant of 
Hancock's withdrawal, were much elated ; but about noon, 
when the orders were given to " sling knapsacks and fall in," 
they instantly comprehended the situation. Moving off at 
a double-quick some two miles to the rear, they halted in 
line of battle to the right of some batteries. After remain- 
ing here some time, they moved off", and, about sunset, 
reached their old encampment at Squirrel Level road. Our 
loss in this movement was 90 officers and 1,812 men, killed, 
wounded and missing,* principally in Hancock's corps, they 
losing an aggregate of 1,500 raen.f That of the enemy 
was considerably greater, otherwise the movement resulted 
in no advantage whatever to us. 

At Squirrel Level the men set diligently to work erecting 
substantial quarters, in the faint hope of wintering there. 

* Grant and his Campaigns. 

fFor the loss of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth see Appendix A. 



22 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

As soon as they were finished, a neat chapel was built for 
their most excellent chaplain, the Reverend John J. Pomeroy. 
In this regiment, as in the Third Reserve, there was consider- 
able religious element, induced, in a great measure, by the 
influence of the worthy chaplain, who was the earnest friend 
of every man in it. Such of the officers as were not relig- 
ious, had a proper respect for religion, and did much to for- 
ward it. When the chapel was finished it was the nightly 
resort of those who wished to attend prayer-meeting, or 
listen to appropriate and touching discourses.* In a few 
days the camp was one of the most comfortable and neat in 
the array. Picketing, camp duty, battalion drill and dress 
parade occupied the time of the men, affording healthy 
exercise and preserving a proper tone of spirit. 

The Presidential canvasf was now progressing in the 
loyal North, and extended to the army. Influential citizens 
of both parties visited the various camps to talk with the 
soldiers. Political badges of the candidates were for sale at 
all the sutlers' tents, and almost every soldier wore his 
favorite on his breast. 

The election passed off quietly on the 8th of ITovember,J 
with hardly an unkind word spoken ; and the men were as 
untrammeled in the casting of their ballots as ever they were 
in their lives. 

On the 15th, the usual monthly brigade inspection took 
place. The 27th, the day of National Thanksgiving, was 

*The regiment built three chapels for their chaplain, in which he held 110 religious services. 
He distributed among the men G.122 religious newspapers, 63,050 pages of tracts, 263 New Test- 
aments and 196 hymn-books. ■ He procured for them a circulating library of over 200 volumes. 
In addition to this he expressed over $60 000 for the soldiers, all of which reached its destination 
safely. Before the regiment was discharged the non-commissioned officers and privates presented 
him with an elegant gold watch and chain with a maltese cross attached, the corps mark of the 
Fifth, at a cost of §350, as a testimonial of their high appreciation of his services. 

fAbraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson ?/j. George B. M'Clellan and George H. Pendleton. 

X Fourteen of the States had authorized their soldiers in the field to vote. The votes of the 
Minnesota soldiers did not reach her State canvassers in season to be counted. So with most of 
Vermont's soldiers' votes. Those of New York were not counted separately. The vote of the 
soldiers of the twelve States that were counted separately were, Lincoln, 119,754 ; M'Clellan, 
34,291. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 23 

spent in the enjoyment of a profusion of dainties, sent by 
kind friends of members of the command at home. Dur- 
ing all this time the interminable fusillade in the trenches 
and along the picket lines was kept up, the balls frequently 
dropping in the encampment or whizzing over head. But 
the boys had become so used to them that they ceased to 
cause more than a casual remark. 



24 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 



CHAPTER V. 

Eaid ox the Weldon Railkoai) — The March — Jerusalem Plank- 
road — Sussex Court House — Tearing Up the Road — Animated 
Scene — Bellkield — IIicksford — Return — Winter (Quarters — 
Lieutenant-Colonel Murray — Sherman's March — Enlistment of 
Slaves. 

Raid on the "Weldon Railroad, December 6th to 12tii, 

1864. 

THE enemy still held a portion of the Weldon railroad, 
upon which they transported supplies from North Caro- 
lina and farther south nearly up to our lines, whence they 
wagoned them around our left to their camps. General 
Meade determined to destroy the road farther to the south- 
ward, to prevent its use for that purpose. He, therefore, 
sent Warren with the Fifth Corps, Mott's division of the 
Second Corps, and Griggs' mounted division to accomplish 
it. Preparatory marching orders were received by the One 
Hundred and l^inety-eighth on the afternoon of the 5th ; 
and by early dawn the next morning the boys were in line 
with four days' rations in haversacks and twenty rounds of 
extra cartridges in the pockets. It was nine o'clock, how- 
ever, before they left their picturesque camp in the woods, 
upon which they had bestowed so much labor ; and, mov- 
ing ofi" along the Military railroad towards City Point, 
halted at two o'clock in the afternoon in a heavy woods, 
where they bivouacked for the night. Moving early the next 
morning, they continued on their course until they struck 
the Jerusalem plank-road, when, wheeling to the right, they 
proceeded in a southerly direction down that noted high- 
way. Crossing a number of minor streams and passing 
through the village of Templeton, after marching seventeen 
miles through a heavy rain, they bivouacked in an open field 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 25 

near the Nottaway river. At three o'clock the next morn- 
ing, the 8th, they moved off, crossing the deep and rapid 
stream on pontoons. 

The night had been a cold, rainy and comfortless one, 
and the morning was damp and chilly. The rain had ren- 
dered the marshy roads very heavy, along which they hur- 
riedly marched. But soon the bright sun appeared, the 
warm rays of which seemed to inspire new life and spirit to 
the men. Passing through Sussex Court House, they halted 
for a short time to partake of the soldiers' breakfast, coffee 
and hard-tack. Then, moving on, all day long they toiled 
over heavy roads until near sunset, when they rested for a 
while in an orchard to eat supper. After a short delay they 
moved over the fields about two miles at double-quick, and 
struck the Weldon railroad. The sun had just set, its last 
rays gilding the mountain tops in the distant west. As far 
as the eye could reach were seen innumerable glowing fires, 
and thousands of busy blue-coats tearing up the rails and 
piling the ties. It was at once a wild, animated scene, and 
the fatigue of the long day's march was soon forgotten. 
Four companies under Major Glenn were immediately posted 
as pickets in a woods two hundred yards to the west of the 
road, and Lieutenant-Colonel Murray, with the remaining 
ten companies, proceeded diligently toward assisting in the 
destruction. With pick-axes and flaming torch they soon 
illumined the neighboring woods and hills, and their merry 
laughter and wild shouts echoed through the forest glens. The 
rails were heated and twisted in many fantastic shapes, some 
being bent into the form of a Maltese cross, the badge of 
the glorious old Fifth, as a certificate of the fact that it was 
done by that corps. With a hearty good-will and no signs 
of fatigue, the boys continued their exciting work until one 
o'clock in the morning, when they were relieved, and biv- 
ouacked in a neighboring sage field, where, in despite of the 
excessive cold, they threw themselves upon the ground and 
slept soundly until revielle. Partaking of a hurried break- 



26 ONE HUNDRED AXD NINETY-EIGHTH 

fast, they eagerly fell in and marched down the line of the 
railroad, to recommence their work. And thus they 
advanced, burning bridges and blowing up culverts, leaving 
in their train a scene of destruction and ruin. About noon 
they reached Bellfield, a lively little town, which they made 
still livelier for the time being, wrapping in flames the sta- 
tion and railroad buildings, and smashing up everything 
that would be of any use to the enemy. 

During this raid the fences suffered considerably, and 
lucky was the chicken or other barn-yard game that escaped 
the ever-vigilant eye of the boys. Feathers, sheep and calf- 
skins, hides and horns, marked the bivouacs of the army. 
Nor were the boys without delicacies. Occasionally one 
would be seen distributing on the point of his bayonet the 
contents of a preserve jar, or dispensing with liberal hand 
nuts and dried fruit. Although the weather was intensely 
cold and the men suffered much, they enjoyed their raid 
equally as much as the insurgents did theirs into Pennsylva- 
nia, and without finding the country quite so unhealthy. 

After dinner they again went at the railroad, continuing 
their destruction of it until they reached the Meherrin river, 
on the opposite banks of which stood Hicksford, the county 
town of Greensville, about eight miles from the North Caro- 
lina line. Here two railroads connect, one leading directly 
south to Weldon and Wilmington, and the other southwest 
into Georgia. The few insurgents encountered were driven 
across the river, and the fine railroad bridge totally destroyed. 
The town being fortified and strongly held by the enemy, 
and our troops having started with but four days' rations, 
they were constrained to return. Leaving the artillery to 
pound away at the town, and the cavalry and a small portion 
of the infantry to make demonstrations of crossing, about 
sunset the main body commenced retracing their steps, the 
One Hundred and Ninety-eighth bivouacking near Bellfield. 
The expedition fully accomplished its mission, having 
destroyed the railroad, with its bridges, culverts and water 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 27 

Stations for thirty miles. During the night it rained and 
hailed incessantly, rendering it very uncomfortable for the 
wearied men. 

The next morning, the 10th, was clear and bright, but 
the roads were very heavy; and, after steady marching all 
day long, they bivouacked at nine o'clock that night near 
Sussex Court House. Through the day they occasionally 
heard the guns of the rear guard engaged with the enemy 
far to the south. The next morning, passing near Sussex, 
the stripped bodies of several of our soldiers were found 
with their throats cut. These poor fellows, through inabil- 
ity to keep up, had fallen out during the rapid advance, and 
were captured by the citizens, who had left their homes to 
hang on our rear. It is but just to add that such cruelties 
were never perpetrated upon our men by the old soldiers of 
Lee's army, who knew how to treat a foe, but were almost 
invariably confined to troops who had never been upon the 
battle-field, or the guerrilla citizens. True, there was a 
shameful neglect of our wounded that fell into their hands, 
and many instances of their stripping them, as at Fredericks- 
burg and Chancellorsville, but they invariably said, in excuse, 
it was Clone by order of their oflicers. 

About noon they reached the pontoons on the Nottaway, 
where they found the Ninth Corps awaiting their arrival, 
and ready, if necessary, to cover their retreat. But the 
enemy had not followed them with any considerable force, 
though they were mustering in hot haste in their rear. 
Moving about two miles beyond the river, they bivouacked 
for the balance of the day and night on the plantation of Mr. 
Chappin, where they received a fresh supply of rations, brought 
down by the Ninth Corps. The next day, the twelfth, after a 
tedious march, they reached the Federal lines, and went into 
camp near their first encampment, in the neighborhood of 
Fort Wadsworth. Here the boys set themselves diligently 
to work again, preparing winter quarters for themselves and 
officers, and built a neat chapel of forty by sixty feet dimen- 



28 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

sions for religious and other meetings. On the 27th of 
December, Lieutenant-Colonel Murray, an excellent oflacer, 
was relieved on account of physical disability.* 

At this time Sherman had completed his great march 
from Atlanta to the Sea,t and was intent upon moving north 
through the Oarolinas to Virginia. Grant's campaign of 1864 
practically ended in October, with the Boydton plank-road 
aftair. Instead of pushing things in his front during the win- 
ter, he evidently considered his ends best subserved by quiet- 
ness. He dreaded Lee's abandonment of Virginia, at least for 
a time, to precipitate his array, swelled by re-enforcements 
from Hardee, Beauregard, Wheeler and others, upon Sher- 
man, as he struggled through eastern Georgia or the swamps 
of South Carolina. But the mere suggestion of the aban- 
donment of the insurgent capital was met by such a deafen- 
ing clamor by the Richmond journals that the authorities 
could not defy it. Its abandonment, and even the worsting 
of Sherman would not have altered the issue of the war, but 
might have prolonged it by a series of minor engagements 
in the more southern States, to the untold misery of its 
inhabitants. And now, in the eleventh hour of the Con- 
federacy, they commenced freeing and arming such slaves as 
were tit for military service. What they had denounced in 
us, as utterly unjustified by any conceivable exigency of war, 
as at once a crime, a futility and a confession of defeat, and 
ridiculed in unmeasured terms, they at last hailed with hope, 
to save the government whose corner-stone was slavery. 

* Died in South America in 1860. 

t Left Atlanta November 11th, and occupied Savannah December 21st, 1864. 



PENNSYLVANTA VOLUNTEERS. 29 



CHAPTER VI. 

Battle of Hatcher's Run — The Fifth Carry the Breastworks — 
Bivouac — Silent March — Successful Feint — Crawford Drives 
Pegram — Gregg and Ayres Rolled Up — Mahone — Humphrey 
Fights — Night Assault — The Enemy Repulsed — Burying the 
Dead — Building Breastworks — Winter Quarters. 

Battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5th and 6th, 1865. 

TEiE regiment remained in camp, performing the usual 
duties, drilling and picketing until Sunday morning, 
February 5th, when, leaving their shelter-tents and knap- 
sacks in charge of the camp guard, they moved in light 
marching order on the old bloody path. The column, con- 
sisting of the Fifth Corps, General Warren, the Second, 
now under General Humphrey,* and Gregg's Cavalry, 
pushed down the Halifax road to near Ream's Station, when, 
turning to the right, they moved nearly west, and near and 
in front of Dabney's Mill, at three in the afternoon, the 
advance of the Fifth came upon, and carried by assault, a 
portion of the enemy's line of breastworks. The First 
Division, General Griffin, with Chamberlain's brigade in 
advance, moved through the captured works, and, with 
Gregg's cavalry, pushed southeastwardly to within three 
miles of Dinwiddle Court House, on the Boydton plank- 
road, where they halted in a large clearing, got supper, and 
made preparation for bivouacking for the night. Surround- 
ing themselves with a strong picket line, the men lay down 
and went to sleep. 

The object of this movement was to draw oiF a portion of 
the enemy to watch them, and, being successful, at eleven 
o'clock at night the pickets were drawn in ; and silently and 
rapidly, on the double-quick, they moved oft' toward the 

* Major-General A. A. Humphrey, Chief of Engineers. 



30 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

main body of the army. If this movement had been delayed 
a half hour a severe engagement would have taken place, as 
the last of the rear-guard witnessed a heavy line of the 
enemy charge over the vacated bivouac, they intending the 
hazard of a night attack. Griffin moved on until he found 
the road obstructed by felled timber, when, concealing him- 
self in it, he bivouacked for the balance of the night. Early 
the next morning, the 6th, they moved on, and soon reached 
the captured insurgent works. The feint was a complete suc- 
cess. A large force of the enemy followed it, thus weaken- 
ing the lines in front of the main body, which assaulted 
when this force was well away, and carried his works. 
Smythe's division and M'Allister's brigade of Mott's divi- 
sion most gallantly repulsed an attempt of the enemy to 
turn the right of the former. 

Everything remained moderately quiet until three in the 
afternoon, when Crawford's brigade, which had been thrown 
forward to Dabney's Mill some time before, encountered and 
drove an insurgent force under General Pegram,* who was 
killed. By this time the enemy had sent a strong force 
around our left to strike it in flank and rear. Gregg's cav- 
alry, which was on the left of Crawford's, first felt the 
shock of this blow, and was pushed back to Hatcher's run. 
Ay res' brigade was advanced to the support of Crawford, 
and was struck in flank by a division while marching, and 
rolled up in confusion. The First Brigade, which was posted 
in the breastworks, immediately advanced to their support 
in column of regiment, the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth 
leading. The boys springing over the works, dashed through 
the mud and water, and in a few moments, wheeling sharply 
to the right into an open field, charged, with wild shouts, 
upon Mahone's charging line. Sickel, seeing the despera- 
tion of the moment, witii sword in hand led the column. 
The two met, the enemy overlapping on either side, but the 

* Defeated and routed by General Q. A. Gillmore at Somerset, Tennessee, March 30th, 18l3. 
Severely wounded at Wilderness, May oth, 180-1. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 31 

weight Of our column broke through, and, cutting them in 
half, threw them into much confusion. At the same moment 
Crawford's brigade was heavily struck and pushed back 
and now followed a desperate and sanguinary strugo-le' 
While the Fifth Corps was hard pressed and almost over- 
whelmed, Humphrey arrived with the Second Corps, and, 
after a short, decisive conflict, the enemy were thrown back 
in discomfiture. General Sickel received a painful flesh 
wound in the left thigh from a rifle shot, and the brave 
Lieutenant Frazier, of Company L, was mortally wounded 
General Griffin thanked the General and his regiment upon 
the field for their gallantry, and gave them due credit in 
his official report. 

Night came and was intensely dark. The enemy deter- 
mined once more, if possible, to regain his lost ground 
Massing his forces on our right, and approaching cautiously 
under cover of the heavy open timber in front, he drove in 
the pickets, and charged with a yell right over our works 
At the same instant his numerous batteries in the rear 
opened with shell over their heads, and a dreadful conflict 
was at once inaugurated. For a moment things looked bad 
but with the enemy between them and the breastworks it 
was not so hard to re-take them. Instantly recovering from 
the shock, the lines were re-formed, and, delivering a terrible 
volley at close range, the boys sprang upon the foe with the 
bayonet. The struggle for a short time was hand-to-hand, 
muskets being clubbed and bayonets freely used. But the 
brave fellows were beaten down and crushed back by the 
hardy men of the North ; and amidst the flashes of musketry 
and bursting of shell, the works were regained. When a 
force breaks and runs, then comes the slaughter. Steadilv 
our men poured into them an incessant fire until they were 
beyond range. 

During the balance of the night they were unmolested, 
and heavy details were made to collect and care for the 
wounded of both armies. At daylight the next morning. 



32 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

the 7th, the enemy had entirely disappeared from the 
vicinity, and heavy details were sent out to bury the dead. 
Friend and foe were laid in rows close together upon the 
field of honor peacefully to sleep. Our loss in this aftair 
was about 1,800 killed, wounded and missing; and that of 
the enemy must have been at least equal.* 

About ten o'clock, through a drenching rain, the com- 
mand was moved from the field into the intrenchments. 
As these were erected by the enemy behind a marsh, in our 
occupation of them matters were reversed, and our troops 
were forced to occupy the marsh for an encampment. 
Exposed to the cold rain, in the mud and water, without 
shelter-tents, overcoats, blankets or tire, the sufferings of 
the men were severe. Work was at once commenced upon 
a strong line of defences on an eminence in rear, on the 
opposite side of Hatcher's run, for the more ample protec- 
tion of the position, our left having been permanently 
extended to this point. When they were completed, the 
regiment moved half a mile to the rear, and encamped on 
high ground along the margin of a fine piece of timber. 
Soon after their shelter-tents and knapsacks arrived, and 
they engaged for the third time in putting up comfortable 
winter quarters and a chapel. While here their time was 
occupied with the ordinary duties of a camp, in close prox- 
imity to the enemy, until the 29th of March. 

* For loss in the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, see Appendix A. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER VII. 

Sheridan and Sherman — Surprise of Fort Steadman — Three Thous- 
and Prisoners Taken — Supports the Ninth, Sixth and Second 
Corps — .Grant's Grand Movement — Battle op Lewis' Farm, or 
Quaker Road — Chamberlain and Sickel Rally the Lines — 
Death op Major Maceuen and Captain Mulfrey — Sickel, Spack- 
MAN, Gardner, Wrigley, Keller, Miller and Mitchell Wounded 

— Chaplain Pomeroy — Battle of White Oak Ridge — Major 
Glenn Assumes Command of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth 

— Chamberlain's Plan of Battle and Victory — Capture of a 
Rebel Flag — Death of Shrceder and Pomeroy — Sheridan at 
Five Foeks and Dinwiddie Court House — Ayres to His Relief. 

LET US glance for a moment at the operations of Sheri- 
dan and Sherman. Sheridan, at the head of 10,000 
mounted men, left "Winchester on the 27th of February, 
and struck Early in his intrenchments at Waynesboro' on 
the 2d of March, so completely routing and capturing his 
army that there was little left of it but Early himself.* 
Pushing on, destroying depots, manufactories, bridges and 
long stretches of railroad, and the James Kiver canal, he 
swept around north of Richmond, and, by way of White 
House and Jones' landing, reported to Grant at City Point 
on the 27th of March. 

Sherman, who had left Savannah on the 1st of February,f 
led his victorious army through South Carolina, causing the 
evacuation, by the rebels, of the posts on the sea coast, to 
Goldsboro', North Carolina, whence, leaving it, he proceeded 
by railroad and steamer to City Point, where he arrived on 
the 27th of March also, and met in council the President, 
Generals Grant, Meade, Sheridan and others. 



* Greeley, Volume II, page 727. 
■)" Greeley, Volume II, page 097. 

4 



34 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

Surprise of Fort Steadman, March 25tu, 1865. 

Lee and Davis, foreseeing clearly the speedy downfall of 
the Confederacy, unless averted by a telling blow that would 
deliver them from the grasp of Grant, and enable them to 
unite with Johnston and crush Sherman, resolved upon the 
desperate eftbrt. Accordingly, on the night of the 24th of 
March Lee concentrated two powerful divisions, under Gen- 
erals Gordon and Ransom, with 20,000 of his best troops 
massed in their rear as a support, at Colquitt's Salient, on 
the extreme east of the rebel line, opposite Fort Steadman, 
and, at a little before light the next morning, having steadily 
approached and silenced the Union pickets, burst in over- 
powering columns upon the main line, surprising and cap- 
turing at a blow Fort Steadman, and batteries to right and 
left, from Fort Haskell to Battery IX, thus swinging open 
wide gates in the Union line, and clearing the way for the 
advance of their powerful support. The portion of the line 
broken was occupied by M'Laughlin's brigade of Wilcox's 
division, the greater portion of which was captured. The 
Fort was held by the Fourteenth New York Artillery. 

Undoubtedly it was Lee's intention to push forward the 
20,000 reserve, seize the crest of the ridge about Meade's 
station on the military railroad behind the forts, and cut our 
army in two. But the order for the advance was either not 
given or not promptly responded to, and our troops rallying 
from their surprise were preparing to make a counter-assault, 
while our guns on either side were trained to sweep the 
ground over which they advance. Like our officers at 
Burnside's mine explosion, they failed to seize the oppor- 
tunity, and the assaulting columns became ^n isolated handful 
in the midst of an army of foes. General Hartranft, whose 
division was laying in reserve in rear of the Ninth Corps, 
immediately moved to the assault, and as the line dashed 
forward, the rebels seeing the hopelessness of their position, 
threw down their arms in large numbers, and began to pass 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 35 

through the advancing ranks to the rear.* The triumph 
was complete. The works were regained, with all the guns 
uninjured, and nearly three thousand prisoners with small 
arms and battle flags were captured. 

General Meade, believing that the enemy's lines generally 
must have been weakened to strengthen this assault, ordered 
an advance along the front of the Sixth and Second Corps, 
holding our works to the left of Fort Steadman. The at- 
tack was made with such spirit that their strongly intrenched 
picket line was taken from them and permanently held by 
our forces. Thus Lee tightened rather than loosened Grant's 
grip upon the throat of the Confederacy. 

At early dawn this day the One Hundred and Ninety- 
eighth, with the brigade, was hurriedly got under arms, and 
double-quicked down the lines some two miles to re-enforce 
the Ninth Corps. From thence it was moved from point to 
point in rear of the Sixth and Second Corps, during their 
assaults upon the enemy's lines, whenever their support 
seemed most urgent, and although frequently under fire 
they were not actually engaged. This continued during the 
entire day, and late in the evening it returned to its camp 
completely worn out. The entire loss in our army during 
tbe day was 2,390 ofiicers and men, nearly 1,000 of whom 
were prisoners. The loss to the enemy was probably one- 
third more. 

On the 24th, Grant had prepared orders for a general ad- 
vance on our left on the 29th. It now became absolutely 
necessary to do so, to intercept and preclude Lee's with- 
drawal to North Carolina. Three divisions of the army of 
the James, now commanded by General Ord, were brought 
over to the left on the 27th. Leaving the Ninth Corps, Gen- 
eral Parke and one division of Ord's to hold our extended 
lines in front of Petersburg, and sending all dismounted 
cavalrymen to General Benham for the defence of City Point, 
on the 29th Grant commenced his last grand movement. 

*Proi. Bates' History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Volume V, page 521. 



36 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

The Battle of Lewis Farm or Quaker Road, March 
29th, 1865. 

Late on the evening of the 28th, the One Hundred and 
Ninety-eighth received orders to strike tents and rest upon 
its arms in readiness for an early march, the whole army 
awaiting the signal to deliver a decisive blow. At three 
o'clock the next morning, they leading, the Fifth Corps 
moved oft" at a double-quick in a southerly direction, crossed 
the Rowanty on pontoons below the junction of Gravelly and 
Hatcher's runs, and pushed westward on the Monks' Neck 
road to the Quaker road, into which they turned northward 
to strike the Boydton plank-road at Rainie's. In this move- 
ment General Chamberlain's brigade led, and, in fact, consti- 
tuted an advanced guard. The enemy's advanced posts 
were encountered at the crossing of Gravelly run. Being 
easily driven back, they joined their main body, strongly 
posted in earth-works on the edge of the piece of timber 
near an old saw mill. In front of the works stretched a 
clear field, one thousand yards deep and wide, flanked on 
either side by heavy timber, in which were posted sharp- 
shooters. General Chamberlain made his disposition for 
attack ; placing the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Penn- 
sylvania on the right, in two wings, commanded by General 
Sickel and Major Glenn, and the One Hundred and Eightj^- 
fifth New York, Colonel Sniper, on the left, with Battery B, 
Fourth U. 8. Artillery, Lieutenant Mitchell, in the center. 
The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, Colonel Pear- 
son, formed a reserve, moving in support. The battery being 
well posted for effective fire, the brigade advanced at the 
double-quick and soon was enveloped in the terrible fire of 
the securely posted Confederates. Our troops were not 
allowed to deliver fire until they came into close quarters, 
when the engagement became very severe, our troops being 
again and again checked, but renewing the assault with in- 
creased impetuosity. The fire of the battery being now 
directed to cover our left flank, which was in danger of 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 37 

being turned, the battle raged fiercely in the center, where 
not only the line of fire from the enemy's breastworks, but 
that of many sharp-shooters in the trees told with deadly 
efiect upon our men. General Chamberlain receiving a severe 
wound in the breast, for a moment reeled in his saddle, but 
at that instant a sharp " rebel yell" on our right roused his 
attention, and he saw the rebels pouring upon the right 
fiank of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, and in spite 
of the heroic and stubborn resistance of that wing it showed 
signs of breaking to the rear, when he put spurs to his horse 
and rode down to assist General Sickel, who was bravely 
rallying his overpowered men. The men soon responded to 
these efforts, and, rallying, they drove the rebels entirely back 
into their works. General Chamberlain was again wounded 
and his horse shot under him, and General Sickel received a 
severe bone wound in the left arm, notwithstanding which 
he fought on like a hero. Directly between these two offi- 
cers fell Major Charles I. Maceuen, a gallant and noble young 

oficicer. 

No sooner had our right been thus restored than the enemy 
turned the left of the brigade, bursting on the One Hundred 
and Eighty-fifth New York with terrific force. Our men 
drifting back into the battery on the left, General Chamberlain 

moved it into position to throw solid shot over the heads of 
our broken left, and while the tree tops were coming down 
on the astonished rebels, Pearson's regiment was brought up 
in the center and went in most gallantly, and one more 
grand rush was made for the enemy's works, which, after a 
hard contest, were triumphantly carried. The loss in the 
brigade was 367 killed and wounded, of which the One Hun- 
dred and Ninety-eighth lost nearly one-half.* Besides the 
loss of the brave Maceuen, fell also Captain George W. Mul- 
frey, a braver youth than whom, the regiment possessed not. 
Among the wouhded were Captains Thomas C. Spackman, 
Benjamin F. Gardner and Samuel Wrigley, and Lieutenants 

* For loss in the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, see Appendix A. 



38 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

Jeremiah C. Keller and "William A. Miller. Captain Mitch- 
ell, of the battery, mounted on a gun carriage directing 
his fire, was severely wounded. 

After the fight General Chamberlain sought General 
iSickel, who greeted him with a soldier's frankness: " Gen- 
eral, you have the courage of the lion, and the gentleness of a 
woman." "No, Sickel! it was your heroism and example 
that saved us," was the reply. The groans of the wounded 
rebels who fell into our hands were very distressing to hear, 
and were something diff'erent from the undemonstrative 
habit of our own men under such circumstances. 

Humphreys, with the Second Corps, crossed Hatcher's run 
at the Vaughan road, about four miles to the right of War- 
ren, and moved in an extended lin^, over a densely wooded 
and difiBcult country. He met with skirmishes only and 
did not strike the enemy's intrenched lines. Sheridan, at 
the head of 10,000 men, all the cavalry of the army except 
headquarters escorts, moved to the left and independent of 
"Warren, striking Dinwiddle Court House without meeting 
with much opposition, and for a time isolating the insurgent 
cavalry. 

During the battle the excellent Chaplain, Mr. Pomeroy, 
was assiduous in his attention to the wounded, and until late 
at night, with the willing assistance of the men, he labored 
to render them as comfortable as circumstances would permit. 
The dead were all properly buried, and over their graves 
he performed the funeral services. The regiment encamped 
upon the field, and during the night a cold rain set in that 
continued all the next day. This region, as is likewise most 
of southeastern Virginia, is level, much covered with thick 
and tangled woods, and well watered by numerous small, 
swampy streams. The soil in some places was clayey, in 
others sandy, which, when commingled in wet places, par- 
takes of the nature of " quick-sand," and where upheaved 
by the winter frosts that now had left it, presented little 
more support to wheels or hoofs than would snow. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 39 

Our army the next day for the most part remained quiet, 
but Lee, alive to his peril, leaving 8,000 men under Long- 
street to hold his works, hurried with all the rest of his army, 
through rain and mire, to support his endangered right. 

The Battle of White Oak Ridge, March 31st, 1865. 

The brigade having been so severely engaged on the 29th, 
remained in position during the 30th. At daylight on the 
31st, the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, with the bri- 
gade, moved out the Boydton plank-road, past Mrs. Buller's 
house, where Griffin's division massed. The brigade was 
then formed on the bank of Gravelly run, where, though the 
bridge was destroyed, it seemed that an attack of the enemy 
was anticipated. Several batteries were sentto General Cham- 
berlain and disposed so as to guard against an attack from 
that quarter, which in the present formation of the Fifth 
Corps lines facing northwest would be a flank and rear 
attack. The Second and Third divisions having crossed a 
small branch moved out in a northerly direction, and were 
expected to engage the enemy along the White Oak road. 
Ayres, who was out a mile or more towards the White Oak 
road, being ordered to drive in the enemy's pickets, received 
at the moment of his attack a heavy blow upon his left 
flank, which was irresistibly driven back on Crawford's divi- 
sion. This, too, broke in the disorder, and both came back, 
in much confusion, upon Griffin's division, which lay along 
the plank-road. The division, already substantially in line 
of battle, extended itself to stay the ffight of the troops rush- 
ing through their ranks. The enemy, flushed with suc- 
cess, came on to the very bank of the branch, and making a 
demonstration there. General Chamberlain changed the direc- 
tion of one or two of his batteries to that point, and brought 
the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania, now com- 
manded by Major Glenn, into the interval facing the enemy's 
assault, still holding the left of his brigade, with Gregory's 
in its original position, to guard against an attack from the 



40 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

west. Our retreating troops being now pretty well across 
the branch, we opened on the enemy a heavy fire of mus- 
ketry and artillery, checking their advance. They appeared 
now to content themselves with maintaining their present 
position. 

Just then Generals Warren and Griffin rode up to Gen- 
eral Chamberlain, and, in a manner of excitement unusal 
to them, said, "General Chamberlain, will you save the 
honor of the Fifth Corps? " That was an appeal not to be 
resisted, although the First Brigade and its commander had 
suffered severely in the fight two days before. " Form your 
own plans, and nobody shall interfere with you," said War- 
ren, who immediately took measures to have a bridge built 
over the branch, the water being three or four feet deep, and 
the bottom muddy and soft. But without waiting for the 
bridge, the brigade was formed in two lines, Major Glenn 
with the right wing of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth 
Pennsylvania in the advance, and dashed through the stream, 
driving the enemy's skirmishers before them as much by the 
moral effect of the movement as by the fire of the Third 
Brigade, which still continued obliquely, while the First was 
crossing. " I will give you Gregory's brigade," says Griffin, 
" and follow with Bartlett's myself." On the left the skir- 
mish line of the First Division, Colonel Pearson command- 
ing, advanced, followed by Ayres' division. 

In this way the enemy was pressed back a mile or so to the 
field, where the attack had routed our troops in the morning, 
and our dead and wounded were recovered. Across this field 
the enemy appeared in heavy force in an entrenched position, 
and some more carefully prepared form of attack was now 
necessary. The first line had gained a slight crest half way 
across the field, and they were now halted. until the disposi- 
tion for the attack could be prepared. Having Bartlett's 
fine brigade in the rear and Crawford's division somewhere 
on the right and rear. General Chamberlain formed a plan 
to carry the works and line across the field by a dash. Form- 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 41 

ing Gregory's brigade on the right of his own, in echelon 
by the left battalion, to counter-flank any flank attack on the 
right, and, having an understanding with General Ayres 
that he would form his division in the woods on the left, 
also in echelon by the right, to meet an expected assault on 
the left flank, and, bringing his own brigade into line, 
stretching across the field, sheltered somewhat by the crest 
referred to, General Chamberlain instructed Gregory to 
move through the woods on the right, and when he struck 
the enemy in force, to open on them the heaviest possible 
fire, while with the First Brigade he should take the open 
field at a dash. This was executed to perfection. The roar 
of Gregory's fire was the signal for the assault, and the 
moment the First Brigade came into full view a terrific fire 
of the enemy converging from front, and right and left, with 
their artillery at close range, made it a blinding storm of 
destruction in an instant. Only for a moment did the 
sudden and terrible blast of death cause the right of the 
line to waver. On they dashed, every color flying, officers 
leading, right in among the enemy, leaping the breastworks, 
a confused struggle of firing, thrusting, cutting, a tremend- 
ous surge of force, both moral and physical, on the enemy's 
breaking lines, and the works were carried. Private Augus- 
tus Zeiber, Company D, captured the flag of the Fifty-sixth 
Virginia in the taking of one of the parapets, and handed 
it to General Chamberlain in the midst of the melee, who 
immediately gave it back to him, telling him to keep it and 
take the credit he so rightly deserved.* Almost that entire 
regiment was captured at the same time. Prisoners were 
taken belonging to Pickett's and Johnson's divisions who 
reported Lee near the fleld. So rapid had been the charge, 
and so confused were the enemy at the fierce onset, that the 
loss on our part was comparatively small — of the Fifth 
Corps, 1,433 officers and men; of the One Hundred and 
Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania, about seventy-five. Among the 

* Lieutenant Seitzinger and General Cliamberlain. 



42 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

killed were Captain Isaac Shroeder, of Company D, a brave 
and good officer, and Lieutenant Andrew A. Pomeroy, a 
young gentleman of fine promise and a valued officer. He 
was a brother of the chaplain,* 

A renewal of the fight was expected all night, as it was 
said that Lee was near, and that a counter attack on us was 
to be made in force. The heavy fire to our left and rear 
also gave token that Sheridan was being severely pressed. 

Humphreys, with the Second Corps, was not idle. Miles' 
division struck the enemy on the left flank some distance 
to Warren's right, and Miles, Mott and Hays, under Hum- 
phreys' orders, made repeated attempts to drive them from 
their works, but the abatis which covered its front was 
found impenetrable, and they were repelled. 

The same day, Sheridan, taking advantage of Lee's being 
occupied with Warren, advanced Devin's division and Davie's 
brigade of cavalry to Five Forks, and carried that coveted 
position. When Lee was clear of Warren he impelled 
Pickett's division, Wise's independent brigade of infantry, 
and Fitz Hugh Lee's, Rosser's and W. H. Lee's cavalry 
commands against them, drove them out, and nearly to 
Dinwiddle Court House. But Sheridan charged them in 
flank with Gregg's and Gibbs' brigades, and compelled 
them to let go of Devin and take care of themselves. 

Sheridan held his position until morning at the Forks, 
near Doctor Smith's house, with Custer's division, and the 
enemy withdrew during the night. Meantime, at head- 
quarters, where it was only known that Sheridan had been 
driven to the Court House, there was naturally much alarm 
and anxiety for his safety, and repeated orders were sent to 
General Warren, who laid near White Oak road and the 
western point of the rebel works, to dispatch a division 
down the Boydton plank-road to his aid. Warren, at five 
o'clock in the afternoon, had sent General Bartlett's brigade 
towards Five Forks, and, at dark, it had reached a position 

* The bodies of these two officers were sent home to their famihes. See Appendix A. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 43 

near Doctor Boiseau's house, at the crossing of Gravelly 
run, in the rear of the enemy. About ten o'clock, in dark- 
ness of a stormy, starless night, Ayres was ordered to move 
down the plank-road to join Sheridan, but on account of the 
necessity of re-building the bridge over Gravelly run, he 
did not reach his position at J. M. Brooks' house, on the 
road between the enemy and Bartlett's brigade, until day- 
light, just as the rebel picket was withdrawing, the move- 
ment by them having commenced about eleven o'clock at 
night. 

About five A.M., the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, 
which had been much disturbed through the night with 
orders, moved with the division rapidly across the country 
in a southwesterly direction to Crumps, near the crossing of 
Gravelly run, and near Bartlett's position. General War- 
ren soon afterwards moved with Crawford's division from in 
front of the enemy's headquarters on the White Oak road, 
but was not followed and attacked by Lee as he should have 
been. By the neglect to do so, Lee was kept in ignorance 
of the movement of our infantry against his detached forces 
at Five Forks until it was too late to re-enforce or with- 
draw them. 



44 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Battle of Five Forks — Gallant Charge ok Major Glenn — Fall or 
Glenn — Warren Eelieved — Captain Stanton Assumes Command 
OF THE One Hindred and Xinety-eighth — General Assailt — 
Claiborne's Road — Tiresome March — Davis Evacuates Rich- 
mond — Rejoicing in Oir Lines — AVeitzel Enters the Capital — 
Aim of Lee to Unite' with Johnson — His Retreat — Relentless 
Sheridan — Infantry Following — Sailors' Creek. 

The Battle of Five Forks, April 1st, 1865. 

UPON the arrival of Warren, about seven A.M., he met 
Sheridan, who was following the enemy, and reported 
to him by order of General Meade. The corps was col- 
lected, and, at one P. M., moved to Gravelly run church. 
Here the escort was advanced as a picket to conceal the 
presence of infantry. The corps was formed oblique to 
the road, with the right advanced, two divisions in front 
and the third in reserve behind the right division. Each 
division had two brigades in front, each brigade in two lines 
of battle, and a third brigade in the same formation behind 
its center. It was four o'clock in the afternoon before War- 
ren completed this formation, and Sheridan was getting 
impatient. Our cavalry, which consisted of Merritt's, Cus- 
ter's, Devin's and Crook's divisions, and laid to the left of 
Warren, attacked the enemy and drove him into his formid- 
able works, extending along White Oak road across Five 
Forks. General M'Kenzie's one thousand cavalry on War- 
ren's right attacked and drove some of the enemies towards 
Petersburg. 

The cavalry under General Merritt attacked the whole 
front of the enemy's works, and made a feint to turn their 
right flank, while Warren, advancing to the White Oak road, 
and swinging around to the left, burst like a thunder-bolt 
upon their left and rear. The fighting for a time was ter- 




■ ■"^'■'••■rd.-hJohn-Sarui^ 




y^Ciyicy( ^{(Ctce^^^t^ 



l^CAJi 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 45 

ribly severe. Ayres' and Crawford's divisions that held the 
advance, separating Griffin's that formed the support, moved 
forward to occupy the interval. The left and right of the 
former having recoiled. General Chamberlain dashed up to 
Major Glenn and said, " Major, if you will take those works 
you shall have a colonel's commission." Turning to his 
men, the Major asked, " Boys, will you follow me ?" A wild 
shout was the response, and with their standard floating at 
their head, they dashed forward after the gallant Major, 
passing through the storm of buzzing lead. Reaching the 
breastworks a deadly struggle ensued. Bravely the boys 
pressed forward their flag, and thrice it was beaten down, 
but gloriously it arose again amid the battle smoke until, 
blood-stained and torn, it floated triumphant over the works. 
General Chamberlain, who in the meantime had taken one 
of Ayres' brigades and part of Bartlett's with the remainder 
of his, and pushed in on the left of this gallant and trium- 
phant charge, rode forward to congratulate the leader, and 
to assure him of the fulfilment of his promise. But, alas ! 
in the moment of triumph, when the Major had seized one 
of the enemy's colors from the hands of its bearer, he was 
pierced by a bullet, and fell mortally wounded. General 
Chamberlain's promise was, however, fulfilled; for he rec- 
ommended Major Glenn for promotion to the President, 
and the Brevet was conferred. 

The division took 1,500 prisoners. Ayres struck farther 
to the left and took 1,000. Crawford, to the right, gained 
the Fords road, running northward from their center, down 
which he turned southward, taking the enemy in their rear, 
capturing 1,000 prisoners and four guns. The cavalry, 
which had vigorously assailed their front and right, at 
length charged over their intrenchments. Griffin and 
Ayres swept down the rear of their works, doubling up their 
left flank in confusion, and Mettitt, with his cavalry, dashed 
into the White Oak road, and, riding into their broken 
ranks, so demoralized them that they made no serious stand 



46 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

afterwards. Hurled in disorderly flight westward, they 
were charged and pursued by our cavalry until long after 
dark, and until our prisoners reached nearly 6,000. Their 
killed and wounded amounted to about 1,000, and ours little 
exceeded this number. In the One Ilundred and Ninety- 
eighth,* besides Major Glenn being killed, Lieutenant Joseph 
H. Lutz, of Company D, was wounded. We captured 
thousands of small arms and numerous flags, and the right 
wing of Lee's army was substantially smashed up. 

General Sheridan, who won this great victory, was dis- 
satisfied with Warren's not more promptly marching during 
the night to join him, and with the delay in getting his 
corps into position to commence the battle. When the 
right and left of Ayres' and Crawford's troops recoiled, he 
attributed it to want of confidence, which he thought War- 
ren did not exert himself to inspire. He, therefore, relieved 
Warren and directed Grifiin to assume command of the 
Fifth Corps, but the order of relief did not reach Warren 
until the close of the battle. This action seems hardly war- 
ranted by Warren's conduct, and his gallantry through the 
war. That General Grant's confidence was not shaken in 
Warren is proved by his immediate assignment of him to 
the command of the Department of Mississippi, then the 
theatre of active warfare. 

Soon after the battle Griffin moved eastward with two 
divisions to reopen communication with the rest of the 
army, and his own division, now commanded by General 
Bartlett, supported by M'Kenzie's cavalry, was pushed up 
the Fords road to Hatcher's run. The One Hundred and 
Ninety-eighth, now under the command of Captain John 
Stanton,t Company A, and the brigade still under General 
Chamberlain, who preferred to retain it thodgh offered his 
old brigade, the Third, bivouacked upon the field and took 
care of the wounded. 

*See Appendix A. 

fin the struggle for the flag which Major Glenn captured, Captain Stanton bore a con 
spicuous part. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 47 

Grant's headquarters were now near Dabney's Mill, and 
Meade's some three miles to the west on the Boydton plank- 
road, near Mrs. Buller's. Grant announced the glad tidings 
of Sheridan's victory to the rebels that night, by opening 
with all the guns in position before Petersburg, making the 
night lurid with the bombardment, and predicating the fall 
of treason. At daylight the next morning the whole line 
assaulted, Parke with the Ninth Corps carrying the outer line 
of rebel works confronting him. Wright to the left, with 
the Sixth Corps and two divisions of Ord's, drove every- 
thing before him to the Boydton plank-road, when, wheel- 
ing towards Hatcher's run, he turned the rebel iutrench- 
ments, sweeping down which he captured many guns and 
several thousand prisoners. Ord, forcing the crossing at the 
run with Wright, turned northeastward towards Petersburg. 
Humphreys', farther to the left, with Mott's and Hay's divi- 
sions of the Second Corps, storms a redoubt in his front, 
and. closed in on their left. Ord, with Gibbon's division, 
assaulted and carried Forts Gregg and Baldwin, two import- 
ant works. 

About eleven this morning, April 2d, the One Hundred 
and Ninety-eighth got into line, with the rest of the corps 
and Mile's division of the Second, and Sheridan's cavalry, 
and marched eastward on the White Oak road, and attacked 
and carried the enemy's works at the intersection of Clai- 
borne's road. Following them northward across Hatcher's 
run to Sutherland's depot on the South Side Railroad, he 
was about to assault when Humphreys came up and re- 
claimed Miles' division. It was now about 2 P. M. Sheri- 
dan at once desisting, marched back of Five Forks, and 
taking the Fords road to Hatcher's run, moved rapidly 
towards and to the left of Sutherland's depot to strike the 
rear and cut off the retreat of the enemy, w^ho confronted 
Miles. Miles in the meantime had defeated them, capturing 
two guns and six hundred prisoners. 

This was the most tiresome day's march the One Hundred 



48 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

and Ninety-eighth had ever experienced, it extending far 
into the night, and being resumed at light of the following 
day. Much of it was on the double-quick, and through 
dense thickets and swamps, with but few short halts. 

Longstreet, who held the defence of Richmond north of 
the James, rejoined Lee at Petersburg this forenoon. A. 
P. Hill, who attempted to regain part of the works taken 
by Parke, was shot dead. He was one of Lee's best officers. 

Lee's loss during the last two days was at least 12,000 
men, and he saw that Grant could now extend his left to the 
Appomattox, and could also seize the railroad junction at 
Berkesville, his only avenue of supplies. Recognizing the 
imperative necessity of immediately evacuating Petersburg, 
he, at ten o'clock on that fated Sunday morning, telegraphed 
to Davis that his lines were broken in three places, and that 
Richmond was to be evacuated that evening. The dispatch 
found Mr. Davis at church. He and his family walked 
quietly out, with the doom of treason written on his face. 
No one can duly portray the horrors of the last hours of 
Slave-Holding-Powers rule in Richmond. God's vengeance 
was upon them. His measure of justice had been filled. 
The two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil and 
lashes had been atoned for by the sunken treasures and 
blood of the master. And we who had been the silent par- 
ticipants in tbe great wrong had paid too our full measure 
in woe and treasure. 

Seizing the trains that should have borne to Lee's heroic 
army the much-needed supplies, amidst the riot of a 
drunken, plundering mob and the lurid flames and smoke of 
an immense conflagration, Davis and his host of satellites 
fled in confusion and dismay. On our lines for miles the 
bands pealed forth our national anthems, and soldiers vented 
their frenzies of delight in loud cheers, until "the musicians 
fell asleep with their horns to their mouths, and boys wav- 
ing their caps in the air." Never in this wide world was 
there such utter despair and wild rejoicings in armies before, 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 49 

for not only were the rebel forces dismayed, but their cher- 
ished government vanquished like a bubble in the air. 

Silently through the night all the rebel forces north of 
Richmond marched off, and soon after daylight on Monday, 
the third of April, General "Weitzel and staff rode into the 
Capital amid a constant roar of exploding shells and falling 
vs^alls, and were welcomed by the shouts of thousands of 
humble citizens and negroes. Petersburg was evacuated 
simultaneously with Richmond, but so noiselessly that our 
pickets did not discover it until morning, when our troops 
marched in unopposed. No conflagration or wanton de- 
struction of property marked the flight of the rebels from 
here. 

Mr. Davis, with the rebel government, had fled to Dan- 
ville, near the northern confines of central North Carolina, 
and thither Lee hoped to follow him with his army, and to 
effect a junction with Johnson, who was at Smithfield, at the 
head of 40,000 men. With the forces united, if found too 
weak to protract the struggle, he would be strong enough 
to command favorable terms. But Griflin lay with the Fifth 
Corps ten miles west of Petersburg at Sutherland's station, 
and Sheridan with his cavalry, ten miles further west, at 
Ford's station, and the residue of Grant's army lay to the 
southwest of Petersburg, and he was forced to move west, 
north of the Appomattox. His army now, from its heavy 
losses, mainly in prisoners and hordes of deserters, was 
reduced to 35,000 men — brave and true. With these he 
retreated to Chesterfield Court House, and thence to Ame- 
lia Court House. Here he expected to meet supplies which 
he had ordered from Richmond, but the terror-stricken ofii- 
cials had seized his trains to accelerate their flight, and he 
was forced to spend the 4th and 5th in trying to gather from 
the neighborhood the means of feeding his men. 

Relentless Sheridan, with his troopers, in the meantime 
had moved rapidly westward by roads south of Amelia Court 
House, and had struck the Danville railroad at Jetersville, 
5 



50 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

eight miles west of Lee, while his advance had swept down 
the road nearly to Berkesville, scattering such portions of 
the rebel cavalry as they met fleeing westward. 

Grant and Meade had pushed on with the infantry after 
Sheridan. The One Hundred and Ninety-eighth moved 
with the Fifth Corps at daylight on the third, and all day 
long they toiled through the mud, coming in at Deep Creek 
too late to participate with the rest of the corps in driving 
the enemy's infantry from their position. The next day, 
the 4th, at daylight, they moved again and joined Sheri- 
dan at Jetersville, where he had planted himself across the 
railroad, and where they threw up intrenchments and pre- 
pared to fight Lee's entire army until Grant and Meade 
arrived in his rear and crushed him. This destroyed all 
Lee's hope of receiving the supplies that were collected at 
Danville and Lynchburg to send to him. 

Meade, with Humphreys' and Wright's corps, arrived late 
on the afternoon of the 5th, and at dark that night Lee left 
Amelia Court House, and moved around the left of Meade 
and Sheridan and struck Farmville to escape, if possible. 
But General Davis struck his train at Paine's cross-roads 
moving in retreat in advance of the infantry, and destroyed 
two hundred wagons, captured five guns, nine hundred 
mules* and many prisoners. Gregg s and Smith's brigades 
came up and a spirited fight ensued, and Davis, with his cap- 
tures, safely withdrew. By the 6th, nearly the whole of 
our army was concentrated at Jetersville, and started in hot 
pursuit of Lee. 

General Crook, holding Sheridan's left, (our army on this 
march faced eastward, moving left in front,) came upon Lee 
moving westward, and, by order, immediately attacked, 
though much inferior in force, his object being to detain 
him. Custer thus gained the crossing at Sailor's creek. 
Ewell's corps was thus cut oflf, and was attacked by Sey- 
mour's division of the Sixth Corps, and so hard-pressed by 

* Professor Bates' History Pennsylvania Volunteers, Volume V, page 80. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 51 

the fire in the rear and charges in front that Ewell and four 
other generals and nearly 6,000 prisoners surrendered. Six- 
teen guns were captured, and over four hundred wagons 
destroyed. 

The same day, General Ord struck the vanguard of Lee's 
column as it was preparhig to cross the Appomattox, near 
Farmville. Fighting against overwhelming numbers to 
arrest the flight for a time, he was pushed to one side, and 
Lee marched on. By daylight, on the 7th, the rear of 
his army had crossed, and the bridges were set on fire, but 
Humphreys' van of the Second Corps arrived in time to 
save one of them, and capture eighteen abandoned guns on 
the opposite side of the river. 



ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 



CHAPTER IX. 

Lee's Hopeless Eetreat — Exciting Pursuit — Citizens Terror Stricken 
— Lee's Officers — Grant Asks a Surrender — Grant's and Lee's 
Letters — Capture of Supplies — Lee's Delusive Hope — Further 
Correspondence — Surprise and Despair of the Enemy — The Last 
Struggle — Flag of Truce — Meeting of Grant and Lee — The One 
Hundred and Ninety-eighth Loses the Last Man in the War — 
Terms of Surrender — Wild Rejoicing — The Armies Fraternize — 
Thky Sleep Together in thk Same Valley — A Day of Friendly 
Visits — Impressive Scene of Surrender — The Parting of Lee and 
His Men — The One Hundred and Ninety-ekshth Faces Homeward 
— Lincoln the Last SAatincE of the Nation — Solemn Service in 
Camp — Passing Through Petersburg and Richmond — Reviewed by 
Grant and Meade — To Fredericksburg — To Arlington — Mustered 
Out — Arrival at Home — Thkiu Reception — Paid Off. 

LEE'S ARMY now was in a sad condition. Moving by 
forced marches that sometimes extended far into tlie 
night, with his men fainting and falling by the way, and his 
animals dying of hunger, his cavalry useless and his guns 
stalded in the mud, with utter despair and hopeless desper- 
ation his brave men struggled on. Pursued by an active 
and exulting foe, headed oif, attacked in rear and flank, there 
was no rest for them day or night. Wherever met they 
were assaulted with relentless fury, but the moment a token 
of surrender was seen, they were treated as friends, our men 
invariably dividing the contents of their haversacks with the 
prisoners. 

On the 6th, the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, with the 
Fifth Corps, moved northward to near the mouth of Horse- 
pen, a tributary of Flat creek, when, turning westward, the}' 
passed through Paineville, Kodolphil and Ligontown, whence, 
turning south, they rejoined the Second Corps, near James- 
town, marching thirty-two miles. It was a warm day, and 
the sun shone brightly, but they clambered up steep heights 
and down deep ravines, over marshes, and through almost 
impassable briar-swamps, full of hope and enthusiasm. 
Sometimes they would plunge into the water and ford deep 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 53 

streams, and at others they would double-quick along the 
roads, enveloped in clouds of dust. But onward they pressed, 
guided by the thunder of Sheridan's relentless guns. " Your 
legs must do it, boys," was the constant cry of the officers, 
and their legs certainly performed their duty. Skirmishers 
were always kept on the front and flanks. 

On the first day of the pursuit an occasional dead man or 
an empty haversack only marked the track of the enemy's 
flight. But anon these multiplied, intermixed with broken- 
down wagons, abandoned guns, used-up horses, and the gen- 
eral debris of a fleeing enemy. Kor was the flight confined to 
the army. The inhabitants, generally, had been led to be- 
lieve our war was waged against the unarmed and helpless 
as well as the hosts of Davis and Lee. Men, women and 
children, with their goods and chattels packed • in queer 
country carts and strange-looking vehicles, were met fleeing 
in every direction, as if the scourge of God was upon them. 
Wild with fright, some begged for mercy, and some dark-com- 
plexioned white men even claimed to be colored. Amidst 
so much distress it was a relief to see the cheerful, hopeful, 
trusting faces of the slaves, who felt that the day of deliv- 
erence from bondage, for which they had for generations in 
secret prayed, had come at last. 

During the night of the 6th, the chief officers of Lee's 
army held an open air consultation, in which they unani- 
mously agreed that a capitulation was inevitable. The 
judgment of this informal council was conveyed to Lee by 
General Pendleton. But Grant spared General Lee the pain of 
first proposing a surrender by dispatching a letter to him from 
Farmville the next day, stating the hopelessness of his fur- 
ther resistance, and asking the surrender of his army that 
there might be no further useless efiusion of blood.* 

* " April 7th, 1&G5. 

" General — The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further 
resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia in this struggle. 1 feel that it is so, 
and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood 
by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate States' army known as the 
Army of Northern Virginia. 

" General R. E. Lee. U. S. Grant, Lifutftuint-Gcneral." 



54 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

The letter reached Lee towards night.* General Hum- 
phreys also came up with Lee's array, entrenched in a strong 
position about live miles north of Farmville, on the Lynch- 
burg plank-road. Humphreys recognized the importance 
of pressing him hard until forced into surrender, but believ- 
ing that would soon be accomplished, he was charry of the 
lives of his soldiers. He therefore did not order a direct 
assault, but, sending up General Barlow to annoy his front, 
ordered Miles to attack his left wing, which he did with a 
loss of some five hundred killed and wounded. General 
Smyth was among our killed, and Major-General Mott,t 
Brigadier-Generals Madill and M'Dougall, were severely 
wounded. Darkness prevented another assault that day, 
and Lee silently withdrew and resumed his retreat. That 
night he sent a response | to Grant, stating he did not see the 
hopelessness of further resistance, but asking what terms he 
would offer on condition of surrender. 

To this, Grant immediately replied || that the men and 
officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms 

*That morning Sheridan moved with the greater portion of his cavalry to Prince Edward 
Court House, to head off Lee's retreat to Danville, but Lee's real object-point was Lynchburg, 
which Sheridan that day discovered. General Crook, the same day, near Farmville, charged a 
body of infantry guarding a wagon train, and was repulsed. General Gregg being taken prisoner. 

t Major-General Gersham Mott, of Bordentown, N. J. 

X" April 7th, 1805. 

" General — I have received your note of this date. Though not entertaining the opinion 
you express on the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Vir- 
ginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before consider- 
ing your proposition, ask the terms you will offer on condition of its surrender. 

" R. E. Lee, General. 
" Lieutenant-Genekal U. S. Grant." 

II" April 8th, 18G5. 

" General — Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of same date, asking the condition on 
which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just received. In reply, 
I would say that, peace being my great desire, there is but one condition I would insist upon, 
namely : that the men and officers surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms again 
against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. I will meet you, or will 
designate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose.at any point agreeable 
to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army 
of Northern Virginia will be received. 

" U. S. Grant, Lieittenant-General . 

"General R. E. Lee." 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 55 

again against the Government of the United States until 
properly exchanged. 

The next morning, the 8th, the last day of the pursuit, 
the whole army moved at daybreak. Meade, with Hum- 
phreys' and Wright's corps, pushed northward on the trail 
of Lee, while Sheridan, followed by Griffin's and Ord's corps, 
marched to head him off from Lynchburg. The cavalry 
concentrated at Prospect station, ten miles west of Farm- 
ville. Here Sheridan learned from scouts that four trains 
had arrived at Appomattox station with supplies from Lynch- 
burg for Lee's army. He immediately dispatched Generals 
Merritt's and Crook's divisions of cavalry to that point, 
which they reached after a rapid march of twenty-eight 
miles, and succeeded in surrounding and capturing them. 
Generals Custer's and Devin's brigades at once advanced 
towards Appomattox Court House, five miles to the north, 
and encountered, on the way, the van of Lee's army, which 
they engaged till after dark, driving it back on the main 
body, capturing twenty -four guns, a large number of wagons, 
and many prisoners. Sheridan arrived with the rest of his 
cavalry during the night. 

The Fifth Corps, under Griffin and Ord, with the Twenty- 
fourth and a division of the Twenty-fifth, pressed on all 
day and night, and joined Sheridan in time to lie down in 
line of battle and take a few moments' sleep with their cart- 
ridge boxes on and muskets in their hands. Licredible as 
it may seem, such was the high state of excitement under 
which the men were, coupled with the firm belief if they 
could capture or destroy Lee's army the war would virtu- 
ally be closed, that these corps, after an extraordinary hard 
march, came in in high spirits, with hardly a straggler in the 

rear. 

Lee, evidently supposing his road was blocked by cavalry 
alone, whom he could push aside with his infantry, and not 
fully realizing his true position, that night addressed a note 



56 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

to Grant,* declining to meet him with a view to surrender 
his army, but expressed a willingness, as far as his proposal 
might effect his army and tend to the restoration of peace, 
to meet him the next morning, at ten o'clock. Grant, early 
the next morning, replied he had no authority to treat on the 
subject of peace, and declined to meet him, as it could lead 
to no good. He also stated the terms upon which peace 
could be had were well understood, and expressed a hope 
that no more lives would be lost.f 

Grant and Meade started early the next morning to join 
Sheridan and Griffin. The Fifth, on this memorable Sun- 
day morning, the 9th of April, after snatching an hour's 
sleep, were up and off" at the first dawn, and marching about 
two miles towards the court house, halted to take breakfast* 
But a few moments was spared for this, when, moving on, 
they came up with Sheridan's dismounted troopers, who 
were slowly falling back before the enemy's skirmishers, 
behind which came the heavy infantry columns, bent upon 
forcing their way through the cavalry to reach their sup- 
plies. It was the last charge of the brave Army of North- 
ern Virginia. When our infantry was formed, the troopers 
double-quicked to the right, and revealed to the astonished 

*"Apkil 8th, ISGo. 

" General — I received, at a late hour, your note of to-day. In mine of yesterday I did not 
intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your 
proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of 
this army ; but, as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desired to know 
whether your proposals would lead to that end. I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to 
surrender the Army of Northern Virginia ; but, as far as your proposal may effect the Confeder- 
ate States' forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased 
to meet you at lo A. M. to-morrow, on the old stage-road to Richmond, between the picket 
lines of the two armies. 

"Lieutenant-General U. S. Guant. R. E. Lee, General." 

t "April 9tii, 1805. 

" General — Your note of yesterday is received. I have no authority to treat on the subject 
of peace. The meeting proposed for lo A. M. to-day could lead to no good. I will state, how- 
ever, General, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself, and the whole North enter- 
tains the same feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood. By the 
South laying down their arms, they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of 
human lives and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. Seriously hoping that all 
our difficulties may be settled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, etc., 

" Genekal R. E, Lee. U. S. Grant, Lieiitenant-Gencral." 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 57 

enemy our solid lines in battle array, before whose wall of 
gleaming bayonets they recoiled in blank despair. 

Our cavalry remounted, and, moving around to the right, 
prepare to charge. The enemy sullenly retire upon their 
batteries upon the crest, and all fell back beyond. General 
Ord ordered our troops to halt, but they preferred to obey 
Sheridan's orders, and push on to the crest,* when a sight 
burst upon their vision that repaid all their long years of 
toil and blood — Lee's army prostrated. Immediately in 
their front lay a broad, undulating valley, stretching far 
away to the west, with the narrow Appomattox meandering 
through its centre, and enclosed on every side by a belt of 
heavy timber, Near the centre lay the Court House, in 
front of which stretched the enemy's long line of skirm- 
ishers, and beyond, their main army and a confused multi- 
tude of soldiers and citizens, horses and mules, carts and 
wagons, heading in every direction. Our light batteries 
were brought up, the cavalry closed in upon the right, and 
our line advanced down the steep. Their skirmishers fell 
back fighting, the batteries open, the Court House is gained, 
and fighting commences in its streets. Soon a flag of truce 
approaches from the right, and General Longstreet requested 
a cessation of the conflict until Lee could be heard from, 
Sheridan rode to the Court House, and met General Gordon, 
who assured him that negotiations were then pending be- 
tween Generals Grant and Lee for a surrender. 

Grant, before reaching Sheridan, received a note from 
General Lee, asking an interview \a ith a view of surrender- 
ing.f The two commanders met immediately, at the man- 
sion of Mr. W. M'Lean, near the Court House. The inter- 

*Major-General Chamberlain. 

t "April 0th, 1805. 
" General — I received your note of this morning on the picket line, whither I had come to 
meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your proposal of yesterda)', 
with reference to the surrender of this army. I now ask an interview, in accordance with the 
offer contained in your letter of yesterday, for that purpose. 

" R. E. Lee, General. 
" Lieutenant-Genekal U. S. Grant." 



58 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

view was brief; the business frankly discussed, and soon 
settled. While the chiefs were in consultation, six or seven 
generals, from both sides, met between the skirmish-lines, 
and talked the matter over in the most friendly manner. 
While there, firing on the road was heard. General Gordon 
was much vexed, and stated he had ordered a cessation of 
the fight ; but Sheridan, who was not clearly satisfied with 
the whole arrangement, exclaimed, " Let them fight; I know 
what they are about." A single field-piece fires a last shot, 
and a gallant lieutenant of the First Brigade falls the last 
victim of the Array of the Potomac. Private Hiram Wil- 
liams, of the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, at the same 
time receives a ghastly wound. Soon Grant and Lee rode 
up ; Grant, with his inevitable sugar-loaf hat, open coat, and 
muddy boots. Lee looked venerable and impressive, dressed 
in a new suit of grey, with a new sword by his side. One of 
our bauds, near by, through the generous impulse of the 
moment, struck up the appropriate air of " Auld Lang 
Syne." Three ofiicers were appointed on either side to ar- 
range the details, but the day's work was done by the chiefs, 
and its result summed up in these concluding letters : 

" Appomattox Court House, Va., "I 
April 9th, 1865. f 
" General — In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 
8th instant, I jjropose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern 
\'irginia on the following terms, to wit : Eolls of all the officers and men 
to be made in duplicate ; one copy to be given to an officer to be desig- 
nated by me, the other to be i-etained by such officer or officers as you 
may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take 
up arms against the Government of the United States until properly 
exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like 
parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery and public 
l)roperty to be packed and stacked, and turned over to the officers ap- 
pointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of 
the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer 
and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by 
United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the 
laws in force where they may reside. 

" U. S. GuANT, Lieutenant-General. 
" Geneuau R. E. Lee." 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 59 

" He VDOUARTEES Akmy of Noktherx Virginia, 1 
April 9th, 1865. i 

u General-1 received your letter of this date, containing the terms of 
the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you 
As they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of 
the 8th instant, they are accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper 
officers to carry the stipulations into effect. ^^ ^ _^ ^^^^ General. 

" Lieutenaxt-General U. S. Grant." 

When the news of the surrender became known to the 
army, the enthusiasm of our men burst all bounds, and 
arose to the zenith of perfect frenzy. The boys screeched, 
yelled, danced, tossed their caps in the air and rolled upon 
the ground. Even the bands that attempted to play our 
national anthems broke into discordant medleys, and cut 
short their jumble in wild shouts and frantic waving of their 
instruments. Oh, what happy hearts those blue coats held 
_a country saved, one and undivided ! The seed sown in 
sorrow and anguish upon so many fields had yielded its 
golden harvest— victory. Our comrades who had fallen had 
not died in vain. Glory to God and the brave hearts ! The 
uproar of exultation was kept up long into the night, when, 
exhausted with overjoy, our boys sank to sleep. 

This wild uproar was not confined to our side ; for long 
after our boys had laid down to sleep, the ex-rebels kept it 
up. Some said they were cheering General Lee, but the 
truth was, they welcomed peace as much as we did, and it 
was long after midnight before their noise was hushed. 
During the day they came over among our m©n, who divided 
the contents of their haversacks with them. The rations for 
our army was given to them this day, and many of our men 
went supperless to sleep. 

The Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern 
Virginia slept peacefully side by side in the same valley. 
The mighty hosts, that for four long years had wrestled in a 
death-struggle with all the fiery passions of demons, now 
laid down together without anger or fear. The battalions 
that had reddened the fields of Pennsylvania and Maryland, 



GO ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

and drenched the soil of Virginia with their generous blood, 
had now ceased to bleed. The brave men in blue and grey 
that had struggled for different nationalities, were now one 
of a common country. And this on that Palm Sunday 
night of April, 1865. 

The next morning the two armies were up bright and 
earl^', and while the officers were preparing the paroles, the 
greys thronged our camp, busy at trafficking for tobacco, 
pipes, knives, hats, shoes, etc. All really appeared to be the 
best friends in the world, and talked over their different 
battles with great interest. 

The next day, the 11th, the formal surrender took place. 
The terms were mild, and the forms as little humiliating as 
possible. Their officers tried hard to get off" with stacking 
their arms in their own camp, and leaving our men to go 
after them. But that was not consistent with our dignity; 
so it was arranged that their troops should march out and 
lay down their arms and colors in the presence of some por- 
tion of our army. The lot fell to the Fifth Corps and 
M'Kenzie's cavalry, who were drawn up in line of battle, 
General Chamberlain being designated to preside at the 
surrender. Soon the greys were seen slowly forming for 
the last time. On they came, with careless step, their ranks 
thick with banners. As they approached, our line shouldered 
arms, and a perfect silence was preserved on our side. They 
moved slowly along our front, faced inwards towards us, 
dressed lines, fixed bayonets, stacked arms, took off" their 
cartridge boxes and hung them on the bayonets, and then 
sadly, painfull}' furled their flags and laid them down, some 
kneeling and kissing them with tears in their eyes. It was 
a proud, but sad scene, and our men felt a soldier's sympathy 
for their brave antagonists. All day long regiment after 
regiment stacked their arms, and then marched off' to the 
Provost Marshal to give their parole of honor, and then to 
draw rations and leave for their homes, our government, to 
such as it could, furnishing transportation. 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 61 

The bearing of the generals and higher officers was that 
of a dignified, sad disappointment, that became brave sol- 
diers who felt they had performed their duty. They spoke 
freely of the humiliation they felt, of the generosity of the 
terms granted them, and of the magnanimity of the bear- 
ing and manner of our men. General Henry A. Wise, 
however, was an exception. He, poor old man, had grown 
no wiser with age, and could not reconcile himself to the 
situation. Disappointed and embittered at the failure of 
his political life, as he sat on his horse, with his grey hair 
and beard, and tobacco juice trinkling from his mouth, he 
resembled a withered old crab-apple tree. To General 
Chamberlain, who spoke kindly to him of the good-will 
that would soon be restored between the two sections, he 
replied, " You are mistaken, sir; we won't be forgiven; we 
hate you, and that is the whole of it. You go home, and 
take those fellows home, and that will end the war." 

The parting of General Lee with his devoted followers 
was a sad one. As he sat upon his horse, and they crowded 
around him, with tears in his eyes he grasped and pressed 
their outstretched hands, until at last he was able to say, 
" My men, we have fought through the war * together. I 
have done the best that I could for you." Then, uncover- 
ing his head, he rode slowly away. There was few dry 
eyes among those who stood around. 

About noon, on Saturday the 15th, the paroling of the 
prisoners being through with, and possession taken of the 
arms, flags, etc., the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth turned 
faces homeward, and marching through a light rain and 
deep mud eight miles, encamped for the night. The next 
morning they started early, and soon struck the Petersburg 
and Lynchburg railroad, along which they proceeded to 
Farmville, where they arrived about one o'clock in the after- 
noon, and encamped in a beautiful grove about a half-mile 
west of the town. Here they received intelligence of the 

* Lee evidently considered his surrender the virtual close of the war. 



62 ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH 

assassination of the President, that filled their loyal hearts 
with sorrow. That inflexible, steadfast chief in war, whose 
heart had turned in love and kindness upon the prostrated 
South, perhaps was well fitted as the Nation's last sacrifice 
of the war. 

On the 17th they marched on, and when near Berksville, 
wheeled to the right and moved to near Green Bay, where 
they encamped in a strip of woods. On the 19th, as they 
were about moving, orders came for them to remain in 
camp, it being the day of the interment of Mr. Lincoln. 
All work was suspended, and at the time fixed for the move- 
ment of the funeral cortege, the regiments were drawn up 
in their camps, the brigade bands performed solemn dirges, 
and minute guns were fired. At seven, the next morning, 
they moved off, passing through Berksville and halting in 
the middle of the afternoon near Nottoway Court House 
to encamp. On the 22d, after short marches, they reached 
Wilson's station, where they remained guarding the railroad 
until the 2d of May, when, breaking camp, they marched to 
within five miles of Petersburg. The next day they passed 
through that city, and about two o'clock faced for Richmond, 
reaching the environs of Manchester, on the south banks of 
the James, on the 4th. Here they encamped in a large 
grove of timber near the railroad, and remained until the 
6th, when, moving through the city, they crossed the James 
on pontoons, and entered the once proud and defiant Capital 
of the late Confederate States Government. 

As the long column passed through the principal street of 
the city, it was reviewed by Generals Grant and Meade. The 
men looked with interest on Castle Thunder and Libby Pri- 
son, the horrors of which, in connection with Andersonville 
and other prison pens, will for generations connect the 
names of the civil chiefs of the Confederacy with infamy. 
Leaving Richmond, they move northward, marching through 
Fredricksburg on the 9th of May, and reaching Arlington 
Heights on the afternoon of the 12th. This march, from the 



PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 63 

James to the Potomac, a distance of about one hundred and 
fifty miles, was made with great rapidity, and averaged, for 
seven consecutive days, twenty-one miles. 

At Arlington, the residence of General Lee prior to the war, 
was collected nearly the whole of the Army of the Potomac. 
Here that grand army may have said to have crumbled to 
pieces, for, after the Grand Review in Washington, the regi- 
ments were mustered out, one after another, and sent to 
their homes in the north. On the 3d of June, the One Hun- 
dred and Ninety-eighth was mustered out of service, and 
on the morning of the 5th they broke camp, and marching 
through Washington, embarked upon the cars for home, 
reaching Philadelphia at nine o'clock the next morning. 
Disembarking, they formed and marched to the Union Refresh- 
ment Saloon, where a sumptuous dinner was prepared for 
them by the good citizens of Philadelphia, after partaking of 
which, they marched through the city to Camp Cadwallader. 
Everywhere in the city they were received with demonstra- 
tions of joy by the citizens, their friends and relatives, flags 
being displayed on many points of the route, and hearty 
cheers of welcome given. On the 12th of June, 1865, the 
One Hundred and Ninety-eighth was paid oflt', and the men 
discharged. 

For the brief period of time they served there were few 
regiments that saw more hard service and severe fighting 
than it did, and their flag was unsullied by their breaking 
in the presence of the enemy. 






DD 



H 



'"A 



H 






APPENDIX A. 



KILLED, WOUNDED AND MISSING. 



Private., 



Corporal . 
Private... 



1st Lieut. 
Private.... 



General.. 
Captain.. 
Corporal . 



Private.. 



Captain..., 
1st Lieut. 
1st Serg't. 
Sergeant .. 
Private — 



Peeble's Farm. 

Killed. 

George Witman 

Wounded. 
William Augstadt... 



Samuel Cowell 

John H. Hoffman 

Samuel K. Kleaver.... 
William H. Walters... 
Jeff". W. Wetherill 

Hatcher's Run. 

Killed. 

Charles W. Frazier.... 
Daniel T. Stineman.... 
Jos. AW Cavenwood.... 

Wounded. 

H. G. Sickel 

J. H. Withington 

John Wolf 

Robert Fulton 

William H. Nevill 

Martin Rawle 

Levi Booth 

Washington Hickson. 

Michael Burns 

William G. Carr 

Peter Bernhard 

Charles Kramer 



White Oak Road. 
Kdled. 

Isaac Schroeder 

Andrew A. Pomeroy.. 

Lewis Keshner 

Aug. Semmelroth 

John L. Brewer 



D. 



Private. 



1st Serg't. 
Sergeant .. 
Corporal .. 



Private.. 



Killed. 
Harry L. Flack ' A. 



John H. Hartman. 
Mahlon H. Schmehl., 

John Kagarice 

Noah H. Shearer 

Simon H. Fremder... 



Wounded. 



Jonas Eckert 

Joshua Sutton 

Andrew Lotz 

Benj. Schaudt 

John W.Hill 

Charles Hunt 

Edwin A. Kratz , 

Anthony M'Glinchy..., 

Hugh Bordell 

Archibald M'Neill 

James Pierson 

Samuel Parsons 

Daniel C. Uffelman 

John H. Warren 

John Fies 

Simon Hill 

Franklin C. Wentzell.. 

Gilson Boler 

Augustus Keifiin 

George S. Lamb 

George Miller 

James M. Tubbs 

Edmund Tubbs 

Sheridan Fabian 

Josiah Shuman 

Howard Coo])er 

Wm. Cavanaugh 

Thomas S. Folwell 

Fiancis Kilpatrick 

Alfred Remmel 

Patrick Brown 



G. 

L. 

D. 

I. 

L. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

G. 

H. 

H. 

I. 

I. 

K. 

L. 

L. 

L. 

L. 



08 



APPENDIX A. 



RANK. 



Private- 



Major 

Captain.., 
Sergeant . 

Corporal . 



Private. 



Wounded. 

John Ehrip 

Keuben Fritz 

Jeremiah Ilelick.... 
And. J. Rheinfeldt. 

Th omas Adams 

Alfred Gilberg 

Daniel Ilallisay 

A. Smith 



Lewis' Farm. 
Killed. 

Charles I. Maceuen.. 
George AV. Mulfrey.. 

Henry Smith 

John May 

Robert Hadden 

Jacob Link 

Abraham Babb 

Joseph Smith 

Samuel D. Labar 

James (4oreman 

Robert M'Wade 

Lewis P. Prizer 

Isaac Dorman 

James Givens 

John Kemler 

Thomas Sheridan.... 

William Hirst 

David Smith 

Jos. Derhemmer 

Geo. H. Oakley 

Adam Galey 

Lewis J. Rice 

Edward W. Harvey. 
William K. Grant.... 
Willianii T. Homer.. 

Frederick Vince 

Francis Diehl 

Matthew Russell 

Thomas H. Berry.... 

(ieorge Bowman 

William Bente 

William Fonier 

George E.Stevens.... 



General ... 
Captain.... 

a 
It 

2d Lieut.. 



C. 
X. 

c. 

D. 
G. 
N. 
A. 
A. 
B. 
B. 
C. 
C. 
C. 
C. 

(t. 

G. 

H. 

H. 

I. 

I. 

K. 

L. 

L. 

L. 

M. 

M. 

N. 

N. 

N. 

N. 

N. 



^Younded. 

H. G. Sickel 

Thos. C. Spackman E. 

F)enj. F\ Gardner H. 

Samuel Wrigley L. 

Ueremiah C. Keller ' G. 



2d Lieut.., 

1st Serg't. 

Sergeant .. 



Corporal . 



Private.. 



Wounded. 

William A.Miller.... 

Benj. T. Waite 

Henry W. Haney 

William Jolmson 

Wm. J. Jeli'erson 

Franklin Kern 

Jas. W. Pennington 

Al])ert Gilmore 

John Kennedy 

Charles E. Young..., 
Bodine C.Peterson.. 

Robert Fulton 

Wm. L. Patterson.... 

Geo. W. Boyer 

lulward C.Thomas.. 

Aaron Detweiler 

Augustus Long 

F^lias P. Bender 

Thos. Matthews 

Henry Martin 

Wm. P. Doman 

James Clark 

Joseph F^ngel 

John M'Grann 

Geo. C. Strobel 

Matthias Ault 

John Crawford 

John Claypoole , 

John Donnelly 

Daniel M. Fine 

Charles Wood 

Thos. M.Brown 

Dennis Cullen 

Joseph L. Coyle 

Dennis Dugan 

John Mitchell 

Wm. H. Robinson... 

John Schular 

Robert P. Stroud.... 
Abraham ITpdike... 
D. C. Wads worth.... 
Conrad WentzelL... 

Chas. Backman 

James A. Craig 

Jacob Rahnenzahn.. 

Herman Selig 

Jacob B. Shmehl.... 

Jacob C.Snyder 

William Scragi: 

John D. Allstadt 

John Custer 



APPENDIX A. 



69 



Private., 



Wounded. 

Henry Dible 

Wm. Alexander 

Heniy Babb 

Lewis Dry 

John Ely 

Frederick Gintzley.. 

Morris Kissenger 

Wellington Miller.... 
Henry P. Michael.... 
Reuben Reifsnyder. 

Peter Shunk 

Chas. B. Bechtel 

Chas. W. Butterly.... 

James Dehr 

John Goldsmith 

Molton F. Huth 

Samuel Letter 

Jos. Marshall 

Edwin Manbus 

Elias Snyder 

Leroy M. Thomas.... 

Joseph Thomas 

Chas. W. Vasburg.... 

Allen Haich 

William Ch Hillpot.. 

John M. Shearer 

Morgan Shaffer 

George A. Harper.... 

George Latch 

Sanderson Lazarus . . 

James Morgan 

Jesse W. Paist 

Robert Wier 

Anthony Wetzel 

John Irwin 

Oliver Kuhn 

John Mi;rphy 

IWilliam Riday 

Thos. Roxberry 



F. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

G. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

H. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

K. 

K. 

K. 

K. 

K. 

K. 

K. 

L. 

L. 

L. 

L. 

L. 



Pr: 



vate. 



Major 

Corporal , 
Private... 



2d Lieut. 
Sergeant . 
Corporal . 
Private... 



Private. 



Wounded. 

Samuel 0. Dietrich. 
Michael Hofaleck... 
Geo. H. Johnson.... 
Daniel N. Kimble... 
* Thomas M'Cauley 

Nelson Bellis 

William Knol)le 

Michael Miller 

William Martin 

Bishop Search 

John Trumbore 

Jeremiah Voght 

S. S. Guggenheim... 
Robert Stevenson... 
Christian Snyder.... 
Pembroke Scott 

Five Forks. 

Killed. 

Edwin A. Glenn 

Charles E. Harney . 
Gideon D. Standt.... 

Wounded. 

Joseph H. Lutz 

John Shafer 

Charles Appleton.... 

John C. Gilling 

John Gillinger 

W. M. Carpenter.... 

Emanuel Fry 

John Holt 

Edward T. Mason... 
Jeff". M. Wetherill .. 

Lee's Surrender 

Wounded. 
Hiram Williams 



M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
0. 
O. 
0. 

o. 



E. 
G. 



D. 
K. 

A. 
E. 
F. 
H. 
K. 
K. 
K. 
K. 



X 

I— H 

Q 
Z 
W 

Oh 



CO 



o 

> 



2: 

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>- 

o 



2: 



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ac 

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CO 

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bu 
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INDEX. 



Amelia Court House, 49, 50. 

Amelia Springs, 20. 

Appomattox Court House, 55, 57, 

58. 
Ayres, Romeyn B., Creneral, 13, 10, 

30,39,40,41,45,46. 



Bartlett, J. J., General, 13, IS, 40, 

42, 43, 45, 46. 
Barlow, Francis C, General, 54. 
Battery B, U. S. Artillery, 36. 
Battery IX, 34. 
Bates, Professor, 35, 50. 
Battle of Boydton Plank-Road, 18. 
Battle of Five Forks, 44. 
Battle of Hatcher's Eun, 29. 
Battle of Lewis' Farm, or Quaker 

Road, 36. 
Battle of Peeble's Farm, 14. 
Battle of White Oak Ridge, 39. 
Beauregard, P. T. G., General, 4, 6, 

28. 
Bell field, 26. 
Benham, General, 35. 
Birney, David Bell, Major-General, 

10,15. 
Boiseau, Doctor, 43. 
Brooks. J. M., Mr., 43. 
Bull Run, 20. 
Buller, Mrs., 37, 47. 
Burham, Brigadier-General, 16. 
Burnside, Ambrose, Major-General, 

8, 9, 10. 
Butler, B. F., Major-General, 4, 6, 

7, 8, 15, IS. 



Camp Cadwalader, 2, 63. 

Camp Sickel, 14. 

Camp I'rmston, 17. 

Chamberlain, Joshua L., Major- 
General, 13, 29, 36, 37, 38, 39, 
40, 41, 45,46, 60. 

Chappin, Mr., 27. 

Chancellorsville, 20, 27. 

Chantille, 20. 

Corps, Second, 8, 9, 19, 24, 29, 35, 

38, 42, 47, 51, 52. 

Corps, Fifth, 10, 19, 24, 25, 29, 31, 36, 

39, 40, 41, 46, 50, 55, 60. 
Corps, Sixth, 8, 35, 47, 50. 
Corps, Ninth, 15, 19, 27, 34, 35, 47. 
Corps, Tenth, 6, 10, 15. 

Corps, Thirteenth, 16. 
Corps, Eighteenth, 6, 15, 16. 
Corps, Twenty-fourth, 55. 
Crawford, Samuel Wylie, General, 

10, 13, 19, 20, 30, 31, 39, 40, 43, 

45, 46. 
Crook, George, General, 44, 5o. 
Curtin, Andrew Gregg, Governor, 1. 
Custer, George A., General, 42, 44, 

50. 

D. 

Dabney's Mill, 19, 29, 30, 47. 

Davies, Thomas A., Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 42. 

Davis, Jefferson, 48, 49, 53. 

Devens, Charles, Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, 42, 44. 

Dinwiddle Court House, 29, 38, 42. 

Donovan, General, 15. 



134 



INDEX. 



Dougherty, Daniel, Esq., 2. 
Drainesville, IB. 

E. 

Kagan, Thomas W., Brigadier-( ien- 

eral, 20. 
Early, Jubal A., 3:5. 
Ewell, R, S., General, 5o, oi. 



Field, ]\[ajor-< ieneral, 1(>. 
Fort lialdwin, 47. 
Fort Cummings, 18. 
Fort Gilmer, 15. 
Fort Gregg, 47. 
Fort Harrison, 16. 
Fort Haskell, 34. 
Fort Steadman, 34, oo, 47. 
Fort T^rmston, 15. 
Fort Wadsworth, 27. 
Fourth U. S. Artillery, ;>(>. 
Frazier, Lieutenant, :il. 
Fredericksburg, 27. 

G. 

Gardner, Benjamin F., Captain, 37. 
(-Jettysburg, 20. 

Gibbons, John, Major-General. 
Gibbs, Brigadier-General, 42. 
Gillmore, Quincy Adams, Major- 

General, (i, 7, 30. 
Genu, Major, 3, 25, 36, 39, 40, 45,46. 
Gordon, George H., General, 34,58. 
Grant, V. S., General, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 

1», 15, 16, 18, 28, 33, 34, 35, 46, 

47, 50, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62. 
Gregg, David M'M.,Major-General, 

10, 15,21,24,29,30,42,50. 
Gregg, Brigadier-! ieneral. Rebel, 16. 
Gregory, Edgar INI., General, 13, 15, 

39, 40, 41. 
<Triffin, Charles, General, K), 29, 31, 

39, 40, 45, 46, 55. 

H. 

Hampton, AVade, General, 20, 21. 
Hancock, Winfield Scott, Cieneral, 
7.8,9, 10,11, 19,20,21. 



Hardee, General, 28. 

Hartranft, John Frederick. INIajor- 

General, 24. 
Hays, (ieneral, 42, 47. 
Heath, General, 21. 
Hickford, 26. 

Hill, A. P., General, 7, 8, 20, 48. 
Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson, 

Major-( ieneral, 29, 31, 42, 47, 

50, 51, 54, 55. 

J- 

Jettersville, 49, 50. 

Johnson, Andrew, Vice-President, 

Johnson, General, 41. 
Johnston, Joseph PI, 34. 
Jones, Francis B., ('aptain, 18. 

K. 

Kautz, John D., General, 6, 7,8, Ki. 
Keller, Jeremiah C, Lieutenant, 

28. 
Knowles, Oliver lilachly. 



Ledlie, James H., General, 9, 10. 

Lee, Fitz Hugh, General, 42. 

Lee, Robert E., General, 5, 7, 9, 16, 
20, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39, 41, 42, 43, 
46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 
(;3. 

Lee, W.H., General, 42. 

Lincoln, President, 22. 

Longstreet, James, General, 39, 48. 

Lutz, Joseph H., Lieutenant, 46. 

M. 

Madill, Brigadier-General, 54. 

Maceuen, Charles Izard, Major, ;)7. 

Mahone, General, 'M. 

M'AUister, Kobeit, Brigadier-! ien- 
eral, 20, :;o. 

M'Call, (ieorge Archibald, Major- 
( ieneral, 16. 

M'Clellan, (ieorge B., Major-( ien- 
eral, 22. 



INDEX. 



].% 



M'Dougall, Brigadier-CJeiieral, 54. 

M'Kenzie, (Teneral, 44, 4(1, (iO. 

M'Laughlin, General, 34. 

M'Lean, William M., 57. 

Meade, George Gordon, Major-Gen- 
eral, 2, 3, 4, 8, 19, 20, 24, 33, 34, 
40, 50, 55, (32. 

Merritt, Wesley, General, 44, 45. 

Miles, General, 42, 47, 54. 

Miller, Charles, Deserter, 17. 

Miller, William A., Lieutenant, :)S. 

Mine Explosion, 0. 

Mitchell, Lieutenant, :')6. 

Mott, Gershom, Major-General, 20, 
■ 24, 30, 42, 47, 54. 

Mulfrey, George W, Captain, 37. 

Mui-ray, John B., Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, 14, 25, 28. 

N. 

National Guards, New Jersey, 20. 
Nottoway River, 25, 27. 

O. 

Ord, Edward O. C, Major-General, 

15, 16, 35, 47, 51, 55. 
Orne, John H., Esq., 2. 



Palm Sunday, 60. 

Park, John G., Major-General, 19, 
35, 47, 48. 

Pearson, Colonel, 30, 37, 40. 

Pegram, (Teneral, 30. 

Pendleton, General, 53. 

Pendleton, George H., Hon., 22. 

Pennsylvania Reserves, 10. 

Petersburg, 10. 

Pierce, General, 20. 

Pickett, General, 41,42. 

Pleasants, Henry, Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, 9. 

Pomeroy, Andrew A., Lieutenant, 
42. 

Pomeroy, John J., Reverend, 22, 38. 

Potter, Robert B., General, 10. 



R. 

Ransom, General, 34. 

Ream's Station, 29. 

Regiment, Fourteenth y,ev> York 
Artillery, 34. 

Regiment, Fortieth New York In- 
fantry, 20. 

Regiment, One Hundred and 
Eighty-fifth Xew York In- 
fantry, 17, 3(). 

Regiment, Twenty-first Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry, 17. 

Regiment, Forty-eighth Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry, 9. 

Regiment, One Hundred and Fifty- 
fifth Pennsylvania Infantry, 
;U). 

Regiment, Third Infantry, Penn- 
sylvania Reserves, 2, 23. 

Regiment, Tenth Infantry, United 
States, 20. 

Rosser, General, 42. 



Schroeder, Isaac, Captain, 42. 

Seitzinger, A. W., Lieutenant, 41. 

Sheridan, Philip H., Major-General, 
33, 38, 42, 44, 40, 47, 49, 50, 53, 
55, 58. 

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 
Major-General, 28, 33, 34. 

Sickel, Horatio Gates, Major-Gen- 
eral, 1, 2, 4, 13, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38. 

Smith, Doctor, 42. 

Smith, William F., General, 6, 7, 50. 

Sniper, Colonel, 36. 

Spackman, Thomas C, Captain, 37. 

Spottsylvania, 20. 

Stanton, John, Cajitain, 46. 

Smythe, , General, 30, 54. 

Sussex Court House, 25. 27. 



Terry, Alfred H., General. 8. 
Trevino, General, 16. 



' u. 

Union League, 1, 2 

V. 

Vicksburg, 1(>. 

W. 



INDEX. 



Wheeler, (ieneral, 28. 

Wilcox, (). W., (Jeneral, 10, ;U. 

Wilderness, 'M). 

Williams, Seth, Adjutant-General, 



Williams, Hiram, Private, o8. 
Wilson, James II., General. 
Wadsworth, James S., Major-Gen- | ^vigg, Henry A., General, 61. 

oral, 11. AVise, Henry E., General, 42. 

Warren, Governeur K., Major-Gen- Wright, H. G., General, S, 47, 50 

eral, 8, 10, 11, 13, lo, 20, 24, :58, 55. 

40, 42, 43, 44, 4(). Wrigley, Samuel, Captain, :;7. 

Weldon Railroad, S, 1(1,11, 24, 25, 

20. 
Weitzel, Godfrey, Major-General, I Zieber, Augustus, Private, 41. 

49. I 



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